for it placed agriculturists in a much freer position, while the money which was paid to the great proprietors as a compensation for their feudal rights gave a fresh spring to the circulation of the country. At the time of the Union Scotland was without agriculture, manufactures, shipping, or commerce. Since then she has risen to excellence in them all. INDEX. A. Abjuration Oath, 151. Agricola, Julius, invasion of, 4. Aidan founds Lindisfarne, 9. Albany, Robert, Duke of, 61; his regency, 63; his death, 66. Alexander I., 20; defeats the men of Moray, _ib._; defends the liberty of the Church, 21. Alexander II., invades England, 29; his marriage, 30; his death, 31. Alexander III., his coronation, 31; his death, 32. Ancrum, rout of the English at, 90. Angus, Archibald, Earl of (Bell the Cat), 78. Anne, 161; her death, 168. Arbroath Abbey founded, 29. Argyle, Archibald, Earl of, refuses to take the Test, 151; his rising, _ib._; is beheaded, 152. Argyle, Archibald, Marquess of, his government, 138; crowns Charles II., 141; is beheaded, 144. Arkinholm, battle of, 74. Armstrong, John, his hanging, 87. Arran, James Hamilton, Earl of, 81; his power, 83; his regency, 89. Arran, Ochiltree, created Earl of, 115. Auchterarder, case of, 187. B. Baillie, of Jerviswood, his death, 151. Balliol, Edward, his invasion, 57. Balliol, John, his claim to the throne, 36; his coronation, 39; his alliance with France, _ib._; his submission to Edward, 41. Balmerinoch, John Elphinstone, Lord, his imprisonment, 130. Bannockburn, battle of, 50. Barbour, John, Archdeacon of Aberdeen, biographer of Bruce, 48. Barton, Andrew, his death, 81. Bass Castle holds out for James, 158. Beaton, Cardinal David, his murder, 92. Beaton, James, Archbishop of St. Andrews, his conscience, 84. Beaugé, battle of, 65 Beck, Anthony, his flight, 42. Bell, Henry, his steamboat, 188. Berwick, importance of, 34; siege of, 40; treaty of, 100. Blackadder, Robert, first Archbishop of Glasgow, 82. Blanks, Spanish, 119. Boece, Hector, his fabulous history, 94. Bothwell, Adam, Bishop of Orkney, 106. Bothwell Bridge, battle of, 150. Bothwell, James Hepburn, Earl of, 104; marries Queen Mary, 105; his flight, 106. Boyd, Thomas, created Earl of Arran, 76. Boyds, power of, 76. Brechin, bell-tower of, 18. Brigham, treaty of, 36. Brown, John, story of, 152. Bruce, grant of Annandale to, 36. Bruce, Robert, one of the claimants of the crown, 36. Bruce, Robert, Earl of Carrick, his coronation, 47; his reverses, 48; his victory at Bannockburn, 50; his comrades, 51; his parliaments, 55; his death, 56. Brunanburh, battle of, 12. Bunby, tutor of, Laird of, slain by Douglas, 73. Buchan, Alexander, Earl of, Wolf of Badenoch, 62. Buchan, Countess of, crowns Bruce, 47;