_The Reformation_ (1)--_state of the Church_ (2)--_the first Covenant_ (3)--_religious riots_ (4)--_treaties with England_ (5)--_Reformation statutes_ (6)--_return of the Queen_ (7)--_division of the Church lands_ (8)--_fall of Huntly_ (9)--_second marriage of the Queen_ (10)--_murder of Rizzio_ (11)--_flight to Dunbar_ (12)--_murder of Darnley_ (13)--_third marriage of the Queen_ (14)--_surrender at Carberry_ (15)--_captivity of the Queen_ (16)--_James VI._; _Regency of Murray_ (17)--_escape of Mary_ (18)--_Battle of Langside_; _flight of Mary_ (19)--_the Conference_ (20)--_state of parties_ (21)--_murder of the Regent_ (22)--_Regency of Lennox_ (23)--_taking of Dunbarton_ (24)--_Parliament at Stirling_ (25)--_Regency of Mar_ (26)--_Tulchan bishops_ (27)--_death of Knox_ (28)--_taking of Edinburgh_ (29)--_Regency of Morton_ (30)--_fall of Morton_ (31)--_raid of Ruthven_ (32)--_fall of Gowrie_ (33)--_fall of Arran_ (34)--_death of Mary_--(35) _marriage of the King_ (36)--_abolition of episcopacy_ (37)--_the Spanish blanks_ (38)--_religious tumults_ (39)--_the Gowrie Plot_ (40)--_union of the Crowns_ (41)--_state of the nation_ (42)--_summary_ (43). =1. The Reformation.=--Five hundred years had gone by since the _English_, who fled from the _Norman Conqueror_, had brought about a great social revolution in the Celtic kingdom, where they found a refuge. We now find another revolution arising from a very similar cause. But there was a difference in the way in which these great changes were wrought out characteristic of the two centuries in which they took place. In the eleventh century it was the influence of the Court which little by little changed the people; in the sixteenth century, the people struggled against, and in the end overcame, the opposition of the Court. When _Mary Tudor_ became Queen of England, she wished to place the English Church under the authority of the Pope, even more than it had been before the changes of her father Henry. All who held the Reformed doctrines were persecuted as heretics. Many of these so-called heretics sought safety across the Border, in Scotland, and were welcomed there with a kindness that would have seemed impossible but a few years before, when the deadly war was waging. But religious sympathy got the better of national hate, and thus the religious zeal of Mary Tudor may be said to have hastened the Reformation in Scotland, which the cruelties of Henry and of Somerset had for a while delayed. Still the traditional bent of the national feeling influenced the character of the new movement, and led the Scottish Reformers to mould anew the polity and form of worship of their Church after the model of the _French Calvinists_, rather than to follow the example of the _Church of England_ in her merely doctrinal reform.