=27. Tulchan Bishops.=--Under Mar episcopacy was set up again. At least it was settled that the titles and dignities of bishops and archbishops were to stay as they were before the Reformation till the King's majority, but they were shorn of their old authority, and were to be subject to the _General Assembly_, which now managed all church matters. The people thought so little of them that they called them in mockery "_Tulchan_" bishops: the word "Tulchan" meaning a sham calf which it was the custom to place before a cow to make her give milk when the real calf had been taken from her. About this time there came the news of the massacre of all the _Protestants_ in _Paris_, on _St. Bartholomew's Day_. This roused a general horror of Romanists and created a reaction in favour of Presbytery, for the Scots wished to be more like the French Protestants, who had no bishops. It also made many of the Queen's party go over to the other side. _Mar_ died after being little more than a year in office, and _Morton_, who had latterly directed everything, was chosen Regent in his place, November 24, 1572. =28. Death of Knox.=--On the same day died _John Knox_, who for thirteen years had been the leader of religious reform in Scotland. He spent his life and his wonderful talents in striving for what he believed to be truth and sound doctrine. One of the finest traits in his character was his moral courage, which enabled him to speak the truth boldly to those who stood highest in rank or power. To this Morton himself bore witness, saying, as he looked on the dead body of Knox, "There lies he who never feared the face of man." His zeal sometimes led him to turn against the Romanists their own weapons of intolerance and persecution, but he lived in times when men had not yet found out that it was best to let one another alone in the matter of religion. In those days any one who had shown himself tolerant of the errors of others would have been looked on either as a hypocrite or as an unbeliever. But Knox was not so much opposed to bishops and to a set form of prayer as his followers afterwards became. He drew up a prayer-book for daily use called the _Book of Common Order_, which was pretty nearly a translation of the book of the church at _Geneva_, and was what he had himself used when ministering to the _English Protestants_ who in the reign of Mary Tudor had taken refuge at _Frankfort_.