History of Spanish and Portuguese Literature (Vol 1 of 2)Bouterwek, Friedrich
History
History of Spanish and Portuguese Literature (Vol 1 of 2)
Bouterwek, Friedrich
Portuguese literature -- History and criticism; Spanish literature -- History and criticism
The other kinds of lyric poems, for example, the laudatory poems, which
are dispersed through the _Cancionero general_, are not distinguished
by any peculiar features; but the poems under miscellaneous titles in
this collection deserve particular attention. They exhibit the natural
style, amalgamated with a conventional, and thus form the model of a
species of national poetry, which has descended to the present age.
Certain short lyric poems, usually called songs, (_canciones_,) in
the more strict sense of the term are distinguished by a peculiar
character and a decided metrical form. They have always a sententious
or an epigramatic turn. The number of lines is generally twelve, which
are divided into two parts. The first four lines comprehend the idea
on which the song is founded. And this idea is developed or applied
in the eight following lines. The _Cancionero general_ contains one
hundred and fifty-six of these little songs, some of which are the best
poems in the whole book. For this advantage they are probably indebted
to their conventional form, which confined the romantic verbosity
within narrow bounds. These little songs were to the Spaniards of the
fifteenth century, what the epigram had been to the Greeks, and what
the madrigal was to the Italians and French. Like the latter, they
are generally devoted to some theme of gallantry; and though they do
not possess so high a polish, yet the interest excited by the truth
with which they paint the character of the age, and their ingenious
simplicity, entitles them to be ranked among the sweetest blossoms of
the ancient spirit of romance.[117]
The Villancicos bear an immediate affinity to these little songs. The
idea which forms the subject of the Villancico, is sometimes contained
in two, but more commonly in three lines. The developement, or
application, may be completed in one short stanza, but often extends to
several similar stanzas. These stanzas always include seven lines. It
was, perhaps, by way of irony that the name Villancico was originally
applied to productions of this kind; for the spiritual motets,
which are sung during high mass on Christmas eve, are also called
Villancicos. At least no satisfactory etymology has yet been found for
the name. The _Cancionero general_ contains fifty-four Villancicos, and
among them are some which possess inimitable grace and delicacy.[118]
These remarkable compositions, whose origin appears to be lost in the
early periods of the formation of the Spanish language, doubtless gave
rise to the poetic gloss (_glosa_,) a kind of poem scarcely known, even
by name, on this side of the Pyrenees, but to which the Spaniards and
Portuguese of the fifteenth century were particularly attached, and
which subsequently even after the introduction of the Italian forms,
continued to be preserved as national poetry in Spain and Portugal.
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