History of the American Negro in the Great World War: His Splendid Record in the Battle Zones of Europe; Including a Resume of His Past Services to his Country in the Wars of the Revolution, of 1812, the War of Rebellion, the Indian Wars on the Frontier, the Spanish-American War, and the Late Imbroglio With MexicoSweeney, William Allison
History
History of the American Negro in the Great World War: His Splendid Record in the Battle Zones of Europe; Including a Resume of His Past Services to his Country in the Wars of the Revolution, of 1812, the War of Rebellion, the Indian Wars on the Frontier, the Spanish-American War, and the Late Imbroglio With Mexico
Sweeney, William Allison
African American soldiers; African Americans -- History -- 1877-1964; World War, 1914-1918 -- Participation, African American
It has been noted that this unit of the division saw real service prior
to the campaign leading from Pont Mousson to Metz. Their first action
was in August in the Vosges sector. This was largely day and night
raiding from front line trenches. A month later they were in that bit of
hell known as the Argonne Forest, where on September 26th, they covered
themselves with glory.
They were excellent soldiers with a large number of Negro officers,
principally men who had been promoted from the ranks of non-commissioned
officers in the Regular Army.
Their commander during the last six weeks of the war, the time when they
saw most of their hard service, was Lieutenant Colonel T.A. Rothwell, a
Regular Army officer. He went abroad as commander of a machine gun
battalion in the 80th Division, later was transferred to the 367th
infantry and finally to the 368th. Many of the officers of the latter
organization had served under Colonel Rothwell as non-commissioned
officers of the Regular Army. He paid them a high tribute in stating
that they proved themselves excellent disciplinarians and leaders. He
was also very proud of the enlisted men of the regiment.
"The Negroes proved themselves especially good soldiers during gas
attacks," said Colonel Rothwell, "which were numerous and of a very
treacherous nature. During the wet weather the gas would remain
close to the ground and settle, where it was comparatively
harmless, but with the breaking out of the sun it would rise in
clouds suddenly and play havoc with the troops."
Green troops as they were, it is related that there was a little
confusion on the occasion of their first battle, when the regiment
encountered barbed wire entanglements for the first time at a place in
the woods where the Germans had brought their crack gunners to keep the
line. But there was no cowardice and the confusion soon subsided. They
quickly got used to the wire, cut their way through and cleaned out the
gunners in record time.
Every one of the enemy picked up in that section of the woods was
wearing an iron cross; the equivalent of the French Croix de Guerre or
the American Distinguished Service Cross. It showed that they belonged
to the flower of the Kaiser's forces. But they were no match for the
"Black Devils," a favorite name of the Germans for all Negro troops, and
applied by them with particular emphasis to these troops and others of
the 92nd Division.
On October 10th, the regiment went to Metz and took part in all the
operations leading up to that campaign and the close of the war. In the
Argonne, before Metz and elsewhere, they were subjected constantly to
gas warfare. They behaved remarkably well under those attacks.
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