[212:A] Leah and Rachel, in Force's Hist. Tracts, iii., Leah and Rachel representing the two sisters, Virginia and Maryland. [212:B] In the same year the Netherlands became independent. [213:A] Hening, i. 360. [215:A] Force's Hist. Tracts, iii.; Churchill's Voyages. A Major Norwood is mentioned in Pepys' Diary, i. 46. [216:A] A Mr. Thomas Stagg was a resident planter of Virginia in 1652. Hening, i. 375. [217:A] Virginia and Maryland, 18; Force's Hist. Tracts, ii. [217:B] Only one ship appears to have been confiscated. Hening, i. 382. [217:C] Chalmers' Annals, 123; Beverley, B. i. 54. [217:D] Bancroft, Hist. of U. S., i. 223, citing Clarendon, B. xiii. 466, and other authorities, says that the fleet was sent over by Cromwell, and came to Virginia after having reduced the West India Islands. Cromwell, however, although at this time the master-spirit of England, had not yet assumed dictatorial powers. [219:A] Hening, i. 363. [220:A] "Virginia and Maryland," Force's Hist. Tracts, ii. 20, in note. Mr. Force, whose researches have brought to light such a magazine of curious and instructive historical materials, appears to have been the first to mention the non-ratification of some of the articles of surrender. He says: "Three of the articles were not confirmed," and therefore did not receive the last formal and final and definitive ratification which Burk [Hist. of Va., ii. 92,] supposes they did. But it appears that Burk referred only to the ratification by the parties at Jamestown, and had no reference to the ulterior confirmation by the Parliament. CHAPTER XXIV. 1652-1656. Bennet and Clayborne reduce Maryland--Cromwell's Letter-- Provisional Government organized in Virginia--Bennet made Governor--William Clayborne Secretary of State--The Assembly-- Counties represented--Cromwell dissolves the Long Parliament, and becomes Lord Protector--Sir William Berkley--Francis Yeardley's Letter to John Ferrar--Discovery in Carolina-- Roanoke Indians visit Yeardley--He purchases a large Territory --William Hatcher--Stone, Deputy Governor of Maryland, defies the Authority of the Commissioners Bennet and Clayborne--They seize the Government and entrust it to Commissioners--Battle ensues--The Adherents of Baltimore defeated--Several prisoners executed--Cromwell's Letters--The Protestants attack the Papists on the Birth-day of St. Ignatius.