History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 3Gibbon, Edward
History
History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 3
Gibbon, Edward
Byzantine Empire -- History -- To 527; Rome -- History -- Empire, 30 B.C.-476 A.D.
13 (return) [ Plutarch (in Pyrrho, tom. ii. p. 474, edit. Brian)
gives the genuine answer in the Laconic dialect. Pyrrhus attacked
Sparta with 25,000 foot, 2000 horse, and 24 elephants, and the
defence of that open town is a fine comment on the laws of
Lycurgus, even in the last stage of decay.]
14 (return) [ Such, perhaps, as Homer (Iliad, xx. 164) had so
nobly painted him.]
15 (return) [ Eunapius (in Vit. Philosoph. p. 90-93) intimates
that a troop of monks betrayed Greece, and followed the Gothic
camp. * Note: The expression is curious: Vit. Max. t. i. p. 53,
edit. Boissonade.—M.]
The last hope of a people who could no longer depend on their
arms, their gods, or their sovereign, was placed in the powerful
assistance of the general of the West; and Stilicho, who had not
been permitted to repulse, advanced to chastise, the invaders of
Greece. 16 A numerous fleet was equipped in the ports of Italy;
and the troops, after a short and prosperous navigation over the
Ionian Sea, were safely disembarked on the isthmus, near the
ruins of Corinth. The woody and mountainous country of Arcadia,
the fabulous residence of Pan and the Dryads, became the scene of
a long and doubtful conflict between the two generals not
unworthy of each other. The skill and perseverance of the Roman
at length prevailed; and the Goths, after sustaining a
considerable loss from disease and desertion, gradually retreated
to the lofty mountain of Pholoe, near the sources of the Peneus,
and on the frontiers of Elis; a sacred country, which had
formerly been exempted from the calamities of war. 17 The camp of
the Barbarians was immediately besieged; the waters of the river
18 were diverted into another channel; and while they labored
under the intolerable pressure of thirst and hunger, a strong
line of circumvallation was formed to prevent their escape. After
these precautions, Stilicho, too confident of victory, retired to
enjoy his triumph, in the theatrical games, and lascivious
dances, of the Greeks; his soldiers, deserting their standards,
spread themselves over the country of their allies, which they
stripped of all that had been saved from the rapacious hands of
the enemy. Alaric appears to have seized the favorable moment to
execute one of those hardy enterprises, in which the abilities of
a general are displayed with more genuine lustre, than in the
tumult of a day of battle. To extricate himself from the prison
of Peloponnesus, it was necessary that he should pierce the
intrenchments which surrounded his camp; that he should perform a
difficult and dangerous march of thirty miles, as far as the Gulf
of Corinth; and that he should transport his troops, his
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