History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 4Gibbon, Edward
History
History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 4
Gibbon, Edward
Byzantine Empire -- History -- To 527; Rome -- History -- Empire, 30 B.C.-476 A.D.
13 (return) [ This sum is the result of a particular list, in a
curious Ms. fragment of the year 550, found in the library of
Milan. The obscure geography of the times provokes and exercises
the patience of the count de Buat, (tom. xi. p. 69—189.) The
French minister often loses himself in a wilderness which
requires a Saxon and Polish guide.]
14 (return) [ Panicum, milium. See Columella, l. ii. c. 9, p.
430, edit. Gesner. Plin. Hist. Natur. xviii. 24, 25. The
Samaritans made a pap of millet, mingled with mare’s milk or
blood. In the wealth of modern husbandry, our millet feeds
poultry, and not heroes. See the dictionaries of Bomare and
Miller.]
15 (return) [ For the name and nation, the situation and manners,
of the Sclavonians, see the original evidence of the vith
century, in Procopius, (Goth. l. ii. c. 26, l. iii. c. 14,) and
the emperor Mauritius or Maurice (Stratagemat. l. ii. c. 5, apud
Mascon Annotat. xxxi.) The stratagems of Maurice have been
printed only, as I understand, at the end of Scheffer’s edition
of Arrian’s Tactics, at Upsal, 1664, (Fabric. Bibliot. Graec. l.
iv. c. 8, tom. iii. p. 278,) a scarce, and hitherto, to me, an
inaccessible book.]
I have marked the faint and general outline of the Sclavonians
and Bulgarians, without attempting to define their intermediate
boundaries, which were not accurately known or respected by the
Barbarians themselves. Their importance was measured by their
vicinity to the empire; and the level country of Moldavia and
Wallachia was occupied by the Antes, 16 a Sclavonian tribe, which
swelled the titles of Justinian with an epithet of conquest. 17
Against the Antes he erected the fortifications of the Lower
Danube; and labored to secure the alliance of a people seated in
the direct channel of northern inundation, an interval of two
hundred miles between the mountains of Transylvania and the
Euxine Sea. But the Antes wanted power and inclination to stem
the fury of the torrent; and the light-armed Sclavonians, from a
hundred tribes, pursued with almost equal speed the footsteps of
the Bulgarian horse. The payment of one piece of gold for each
soldier procured a safe and easy retreat through the country of
the Gepidae, who commanded the passage of the Upper Danube. 18
The hopes or fears of the Barbarians; their intense union or
discord; the accident of a frozen or shallow stream; the prospect
of harvest or vintage; the prosperity or distress of the Romans;
were the causes which produced the uniform repetition of annual
visits, 19 tedious in the narrative, and destructive in the
event. The same year, and possibly the same month, in which
Ravenna surrendered, was marked by an invasion of the Huns or
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