[Footnote 12: Among the Arabians, in language and religion, we may distinguish Abulfeda, sultan of Hamah in Syria, who fought in person, under the Mamaluke standard, against the Moguls.] [Footnote 13: Nicephorus Gregoras (l. ii. c. 5, 6) has felt the necessity of connecting the Scythian and Byzantine histories. He describes with truth and elegance the settlement and manners of the Moguls of Persia, but he is ignorant of their origin, and corrupts the names of Zingis and his sons.] [Footnote 14: M. Levesque (Histoire de Russie, tom. ii.) has described the conquest of Russia by the Tartars, from the patriarch Nicon, and the old chronicles.] [Footnote 15: For Poland, I am content with the Sarmatia Asiatica et EuropÊa of Matthew ‡ Michou, or De Michovi‚, a canon and physician of Cracow, (A.D. 1506,) inserted in the Novus Orbis of GrynÊus. Fabric Bibliot. Latin. MediÊ et InfimÊ ∆tatis, tom. v. p. 56.] [Footnote 16: I should quote Thuroczius, the oldest general historian (pars ii. c. 74, p. 150) in the 1st volume of the Scriptores Rerum Hungaricarum, did not the same volume contain the original narrative of a contemporary, an eye-witness, and a sufferer, (M. Rogerii, Hungari, Varadiensis Capituli Canonici, Carmen miserabile, seu Historia super Destructione Regni HungariÊ Temporibus BelÊ IV. Regis per Tartaros facta, p. 292--321;) the best picture that I have ever seen of all the circumstances of a Barbaric invasion.] [Footnote 17: Matthew Paris has represented, from authentic documents, the danger and distress of Europe, (consult the word _Tartari_ in his copious Index.) From motives of zeal and curiosity, the court of the great khan in the xiiith century was visited by two friars, John de Plano Carpini, and William Rubruquis, and by Marco Polo, a Venetian gentleman. The Latin relations of the two former are inserted in the 1st volume of Hackluyt; the Italian original or version of the third (Fabric. Bibliot. Latin. Medii ∆vi, tom. ii. p. 198, tom. v. p. 25) may be found in the second tome of Ramusio.]