New Jersey, vii. 236 "New men," the, i. 325 New Orleans, English attempt on, viii. 205 New River, the, v. 77 New South Wales, vii. 278 Newton, Isaac, vi. 167 Newton, John, viii. 47 Newtown Butler, battle of, vii. 58 New York, vi. 243, vii. 236; its Assembly suspended, viii. 4, 14 New Zealand, vii. 278 Ney, Marshal, viii. 208, 210 Niagara, Fort, vii. 243, 244, 267 Nicholas, Sir Edward, vi. 194, 244 Nigel, Bishop of Ely and treasurer, i. 218, 219 Nile, battle of the, viii. 133 Nimeguen, Peace of, vi. 291 "Nithing," i. 151, 192 Noailles, Duc de, vii. 224 Nonconformity, rise of, vi. 27 Nonconformists, their position after 1662, vi. 212, 213; attitude in 1665, 229; persecution of, _ib._, 230; the Cabal's dealings with, 251, 252; renewed persecution of, 335; position under James II., vii. 22; under William III., 64; under Anne, 123; under Walpole, 198 Nonjurors, vii. 65 Nootka Sound, dispute about, viii. 88 Norfolk, rising of John the Litster in, ii. 325, 331 Norfolk, John Howard, first Duke of, iii. 286 Norfolk, Thomas Howard, second Duke of (_see_ Surrey), iii. 287 Norfolk, Thomas Howard, third Duke of (_see_ Surrey), iii. 270, 287; his policy, 291, 294; puts down Pilgrimage of Grace, 324; arrests Cromwell, 352; returns to power, iv. 17; hostility to Protestants, _ib._; marches against Scotland, 23, 24; sent to the Tower, 45; leads the royal guard against Wyatt, 83 Norfolk, Thomas Howard, fourth Duke of, iv. 173; plots with Mary Stuart, 265, 266; sent to the Tower, 268; released, 271; again plots with Mary, _ib._, 272; arrest and death, 274 Norfolk, Henry Howard, seventh Duke of, vii. 21, 42 Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, first Duke of (_see_ Nottingham), ii. 372, 378 Norfolk, John Mowbray, third Duke of, iii. 80 Norfolk, Thomas, Earl of, son of Edward I., ii. 206, 207 Norfolk, Earls of. _See_ Bigod Norham, Parliament at, ii. 136 Norman, prior of Holy Trinity, Aldgate, i. 223 Normandy, its relation to English history, i. 154; settlement of northmen in, 127, 141, 155; relations with France, 155, 156; with English kings, 156; Æthelred II. in, 143, 156; condition under William the Conqueror, 158, 159; pledged by Robert to William Rufus, 197; conquered by Henry I., 202; invaded by Lewis VII., 254; by Philip Augustus, 263; laid under interdict, 263; conquered by Philip, 269; ceded by Henry III., ii. 63; invaded by Edward III., 235; conquered by Henry V., iii. 33, 34; Bedford's rule in, 55; regained by Charles VII., 62; historians of, i. 6 Normans, their settlement, i. 155; temper, _ib._, 158; in England under Eadward the Confessor, 151; their flight, 153; fusion with the English, 200, 281; settlers in London, 303; in Wales, ii. 48