[131] _See_ Meaume, _Recherches sur la vie et les ouvrages de Jacques Callot_, vol. ii. p. 287. [132] _Art and Letters_, Jan. 1888. [133] Honoré de Balzac (_Sur Catherine de Médicis_). [134] In French salons, about the year 1728, the fashion prevailed of ‘Les Pantins Méchaniques,’ that every one carried and worked by the aid of strings while chatting of one thing and another. Lacroix, _XVIII Siècle, France_, 1700-87, p. 507. From 1748 to 1750 it was in high vogue among the _beau monde_ as a diverting plaything for gentlemen and ladies. Wright, _Caricature History of the Georges_, note, p. 251. [135] The subject of America is returned to later, when in the ‘George Washington’ fan we have in the centre a portrait of Washington, and, ranged on either side, portraits of the succeeding ten presidents of the United States. This, a lithograph, with painted decorations in silver, bearing the inscription, ‘Vagneur-Dupré. No. 530. Lith. de Lemercier.’ [136] Several versions of the above subject appear: 1. King seated under canopy, three notables and three ecclesiastics on either side, M. Calonne reading speech, 2. King and his two brothers under canopy, four nobles and four ecclesiastics on either side. 3. A much more elaborate performance, king and two royal princes under canopy; four nobles and six ecclesiastics, M. Calonne, and clerk at table; a courtier on each side of the composition. [137] _Dictionnaire des Hommes Marquans_, ii. p. 519, quoted by Carlyle. [138] Richard Heath, ‘Politics in Dress,’ _Woman’s World_, June 1889. [139] In the Musée du Louvre is a remarkable drawing of the great arch, with a vast concourse of people, by Jean Louis Prieur, illustrated in Lady Dilke’s work, _French Engravers and Draughtsmen of the Eighteenth Century_. [140] Carlyle. [141] Carlyle. [142] Henri Bouchot, _History on Fans_. [143] See page 164. [144] Richard Heath, ‘Politics in Dress,’ _Woman’s World_, June 1889. [145] Henri Bouchot. [146] Henri Bouchot. [147] Of the two hundred engravings deposited in the Bibliothèque Nationale in this year (1796) a hundred and fourteen were fan-designs mostly in praise of Napoleon. (Henri Bouchot, _History on Fans_.) [148] Chaudet was a sculptor who made the first statue of Napoleon in his military dress, that on the Vendôme Column. Fontaine and Persier were architects to the Tuileries. [149] Lord Stanhope, alluding to the medals prematurely struck in honour of Admiral Vernon’s victories at Portobello and Carthagena, says: ‘Perhaps the most remarkable of all these _médailles prématurées_ is that struck by Napoleon for his intended conquest of England; his head on the one side; on the other, Hercules struggling with a monster; the words “Descente en Angleterre”; and beneath, “Frappé à Londres, MDCCCIV.”’—_History of England_, chap. xxii. [150] _Encyclopædia Britannica._