Nemours, Duchess de, 180. New Nassau fan, 237. Nigeria, 82, 83. Nimroud, 20, 25. Nitôcris, Queen, 19. ‘Nō’ drama, 63. Nollekins, 185. North American Indian fans, 14. Northcliffe, Lady, 122, 123, 134, 165. Oblong fans, 50. Oldroyd, Miss L., 293. Oliver, Peter, 180. Olympian games, 23. —— Jupiter, 23. ‘Oncle’ fans, 215. Onola, Countess, 286. Opera fans, French, 216, 217; English, 262. Operations of the pleating of the fan, 121. Orange fan, 237. Order of the fan, Sweden, 153, note. Origin of the fan, 1-3. Osborne, Thomas, 8, 252, 253. —— Miss, 187. Osiris, 15. Ostrich, 40; folded, 105. Ottley, Captain J. E., 122. Ovid, _quotation_, 32. Packering, Sir J., 103. Paciandi, 93, note. Painted fans of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries— ITALIAN.— Introduction of the folding-fan into Europe, 107; excavation at the Château de Pierre, 108; decorative development, 109; earliest forms, 113; construction, 116; character of the sticks, 117; ornamentation, 117, 118: brisé fans, 119; double or reversible, 120, 121; mounts, 122, 123; Neapolitan, 124; children’s fans, 125; superiority of the workmen, 126. SPANISH, 127; Italian influence on art, 128; alliance of the House of Bourbon, 130; Treaty of Paris, 130; classical revival, 131; character of the stick, 132, 133; influence of Francisco Goya, 133, 134; varieties of, 135; language of, 136, 137. FRENCH.— Italian influence on, 138; influences of Jean Cousin, François Clouet, 138; Charles le Brun, 139; Bernini, Borromini, 140; the Revolution, 143; introduction of Italian feather-fans, 144; folded fans, 145; découpé fans, 146; importance of the industry, 146; constitution of a corporate body of fanmakers under Louis XIV., 146; prices obtained in 1753, 147; painting and its influence during the reign of Louis XIII., 150; Paris fan-shops, 151; introduction of Spanish fashions, 152; reign of the Grand Monarque, 154; lacquering, 156, 157, 158; Vernis Martin, 158; classical influence, 163; ‘cabriolet’ fans, 164; relapse of the industry, 165; Handel and Gluck, 166; custom of presenting wedding fans, 167; influence of the Directoire and Empire periods, 170; straw and spangles, 172; gauze or net, 172; lorgnette or opera-glass fan, 172; reduction in size, 174. ENGLISH.— Early use of the folded fan, 176; plumed fan, 176; découpé, 178; gigantic green-shading fans, 179; influence of the trade with India, 179; importation of Italian fan mounts, 179; earliest fans, 180; marriage fans of Charles II., 180; charter of incorporation granted by Queen Anne, 181;