History of the inductive sciences, from the earliest to the present timeWhewell, William
History
History of the inductive sciences, from the earliest to the present time
Whewell, William
Science -- History
The most remarkable of these philosophical skeptics is Sextus
Empiricus; so called, from his belonging to that medical sect which
was termed the _empirical_, in contradistinction to the _rational_
and _methodical_ sects. His works contain a series of treatises,
directed against all the divisions of the science of his time. He
has chapters against the Geometers, against the Arithmeticians,
against the Astrologers, against the Musicians, as well as against
Grammarians, Rhetoricians, and Logicians; and, in short, as a modern
writer has said, his skepticism is employed as a sort of frame-work
which embraces an encyclopedical view of human knowledge. It must be
stated, however, that his objections are rather to the metaphysical
grounds, than to the details of the sciences; he rather denies the
possibility of speculative truth in general, than the experimental
truths which had been then obtained. Thus his objections to geometry
and arithmetic are founded on abstract cavils concerning the nature
of points, letters, unities, &c. And when he comes to speak against
astrology, he says, "I am not going to consider that perfect science
which rests upon geometry and arithmetic; for I have already shown
the weakness of those sciences: nor that faculty of prediction (of
the motions of the heavens) which belongs to the pupils of Eudoxus,
and Hipparchus, and the rest, which some call Astronomy; for that is
an observation of phenomena, like agriculture or navigation: but
against the Art of Prediction from the time of birth, which the
Chaldeans exercise." Sextus, therefore, though a skeptic by
profession, was not insensible to the difference between
experimental knowledge and mystical dogmas, though even the former
had nothing which excited his admiration.
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