SOCRATES _rejects Physical and Mathematical Speculations, and asserts the Importance of Virtue and Morality, thereby inaugurating an Age of Faith.--His Life and Death.--The schools originating from his Movement teach the Pursuit of Pleasure and Gratification of Self._ PLATO _founds the Academy.--His three primal Principles.--The Existence of a personal God.--Nature of the World and the Soul.--The ideal Theory, Generals or Types.--Reminiscence.--Transmigration.--Plato's political Institutions.--His Republic.--His Proofs of the Immortality of the Soul.--Criticism on his Doctrines._ RISE OF THE SCEPTICS, _who conduct the higher Analysis of Ethical Philosophy.--Pyrrho demonstrates the Uncertainty of Knowledge.--Inevitable Passage into tranquil Indifference, Quietude, and Irreligion, as recommended by Epicurus.--Decomposition of the Socratic and Platonic Systems in the later Academies.--Their Errors and Duplicities.--End of the Greek Age of Faith._ [Sidenote: Greek philosophy on the basis of ethics.] The Sophists had brought on an intellectual anarchy. It is not in the nature of humanity to be contented with such a state. Thwarted in its expectations from physics, the Greek mind turned its attention to morals. In the progress of life, it is but a step from the age of Inquiry to the age of Faith. [Sidenote: Socrates: his mode of teaching.] [Sidenote: The doctrines of Socrates.] [Sidenote: Opposes mathematics and physics.]