The discovery of gold in British Columbia in 1857 led to the settlement there of a number of Jews, who built a synagogue in Victoria in 1862. In 1882 a synagogue was erected in Hamilton, and several years later the Jews of Winnipeg (who numbered 645 in 1891) organized two congregations. There are now seven congregations in Winnipeg, with a Jewish population of about 8,000. It also has among the various communal organizations a Hebrew Liberal Club and a Hebrew Conservative Club. North Winnipeg is now represented in the Provincial Parliament of Manitoba by S. Hart Green (b. ab. 1885), the honorary secretary of the Congregation Shaare Shomayim and the president of the local B’nai B’rith Lodge. There are now Jewish communities in more than twenty-five separate localities in Canada, and the total number of Jews is about 70,000 and growing very fast (it was only 16,060 in 1901). Besides the towns mentioned, there are Jews in Berlin (Ont.), Belleville, Brandford, Calgary (Alberta), Chatham, N. B.; Dawson (Yukon Territory), Glace Bay, C. B.; Halifax, London, Magnetowan, Ont.; ♦Ottawa, Quebec, Regina (Saskatchewan), St. Catherine’s, St. John, Sydney, Sherbrooke, Vancouver, Woodstock and Salt River, N. B.; Yarmouth and Yorkton. There are in Canada about a dozen Jewish agricultural colonies, most of which were founded or promoted by the Baron de Hirsch Fund. The most important of them are Bender, Hirsch, Ox Bow and Qu’appelle. There are altogether about 700 Jewish farms occupying more than 110,000 acres, and sustaining a farming population of about 3,000. Montreal has a Yiddish daily newspaper, the “Canadian Eagle,” and an English Jewish weekly, “The Jewish Times,” and there is a Yiddish weekly in Winnipeg called the “Canadian Jew.” CHAPTER XL. JEWS IN SOUTH AMERICA, MEXICO AND CUBA. The first “minyan” in Buenos Ayres, Argentine, in 1861――Estimate of the Jewish population in Argentine――Occupations and economic condition of the various groups――Kosher meat and temporary synagogues as indications of the religious conditions―― Communities in twenty-six other cities――The Agricultural Colonies――Brazil――The rumor that General Floriano Peixotto, the second president of the new Republic, was of Jewish origin―― Communities in several cities――The Colony Philippson――Jews in Montevido, Uruguay――Other South American Republics――Isidor Borowski, who fought under Bolivar――Panama――Moroccan Jews are liked by Peru Indians――About ten thousand Jews in Mexico―― Slowly increasing number in Cuba, where Jews help to spread the American influence.