Of literature in the restricted sense, or fiction, hardly anything worth mentioning was written in Hebrew in America. But the study and writing of neo-Hebrew cannot be thought of without the production of poetry, and some collection of Hebrew songs possessing considerable merit were published in this country, mostly by authors who acquired their reputation abroad before arriving in this country. The poetical works of Naphtali Hirz Imber, Menahem Mendel Dolitzki and Isaac Rabinowitz (“Ish Kovno,” d. in New York, 1900, aged 54) belong to that class, and the same can be said of the quasi-scientific works of Joseph Loeb Sossnitz (1837–1910) and Ephraim Deinard (b. 1846), who has recently compiled a list containing about six hundred names of works in Hebrew and Yiddish which appeared in the United States. There were also some earlier writers of Hebrew poetry in America, notably Moses Aaron Schreiber, who composed the Centennial poem _Minhat Yehudah_ in 1876, and the hazzan Hayyim Weinshel (1834–1900), author of _Nitei Naamonim_ (New York, 1891). Gerson Rosenzweig, the epigramatist and author of the excellent Talmudical parody, _Maseket America_, who has also translated the American national songs into Hebrew, came here a young man, and his talent is more distinctively American. The Hebrew periodical literature, which begins with Hirsch Bernstein’s _ha-Zofah be-Erez ha-Hadashah_ (1870–76), which was mentioned in a former chapter, was never securely established in this country up to the present time. Most of the Hebrew Journals or magazines, like Deinard’s weekly _ha-Leomi_ and Rosenzweig’s monthly _Kadimah_, existed for less than a year. The _Hekal ha-Ibriyah_, edited by N. B. ♦Ettelson and S. L. Marcus in Chicago, appeared from 1877 to 1879 as a supplement to their Judeo-German _Israelitische Presse_. Michael Levi Rodkinson (Frumkin, d. in New York, 1904, aged 59), who later prepared a translation of parts of the Babylonian Talmud into English, edited his weekly _ha-Kol_ in New York for about two years (1889–90). Wolf Schur’s _he-Pisgah_, which was later called _ha-Tehiyah_, appeared irregularly in New York, later in Baltimore, and still later in Chicago, during the last decade of the nineteenth century. The monthly _Ner ha-Maarabi_, edited by Abraham H. Rosenberg and later by Samuel Schwarzberg, existed less than three years (1895–97), and another monthly, _ha-Modia la-Hadashim_, edited by Herman Rosenthal and Abraham H. Rosenberg (1900–1), had a still shorter life. The weekly _ha-Ibri_, which was founded by K. H. Sarasohn and edited by Gerson Rosenzweig, appeared regularly from 1892 to 1898. Moses Goldman (b. 1863; a. 1890) began the publication of his _ha-Leom_ as a monthly in 1901; it later appeared for several years as a weekly and afterwards for a short time as a daily. Since its suspension America had no other Hebrew periodical until the neo-Hebrew litterateur, Reuben Brainin, began to publish