The most important of the older Jewish periodicals in the vernacular were mentioned in former chapters. The _Menorah Monthly_, which was for many years edited by Moritz Ellinger (b. in Bavaria, 1830; d. in New York, 1907), was the best Jewish magazine in America, as well as the one which existed for the longest time. _The New Era Illustrated ♦Magazine_, which was published for several years by Isidor Lewi (b. in Albany, N. Y., 1850), of the editorial staff of the _New York Tribune_, was an other valuable periodical. The Zionist _Maccabean_ is now the only Jewish monthly magazine published in America. There is one semi-monthly, the _B’nai B’rith Messenger_, of Los Angeles, Cal. (established 1897), and over twenty weeklies, most of which are of only local interest. The more important are: The _American Hebrew_ of New York, established 1879, by Philip Cowen (b. in New York, 1853); the _American Israelite_ and its Chicago edition, founded by Isaac M. Wise in 1854; The _Emanuel_ of San Francisco, Cal., which was founded in 1895 by Rabbi Jacob Voorsanger (b. in Amsterdam Holland, 1852; d. 1908); _The Hebrew Standard_ of New York, established 1883 by Jacob P. Solomon (b. in Manchester, Eng., 1838; d. in New York, 1909); _The Jewish Comment_ of Baltimore, established 1895, of which Louis H. Levin (b. in Baltimore, 1866) is the editor; _The Jewish Exponent_ of Philadelphia, established 1886; _The Jewish Voice_ of St. Louis, established, in 1884, and still edited by Rabbi Moritz Spitz (b. in Hungary, 1848); the _Reform Advocate_ of Chicago, established, in 1891, and still edited by Dr. Emil G. Hirsch. One bi-monthly which deserves to be mentioned is the _Sanatorium_, edited since 1907 by Dr. C. D. Spivak (b. in Kremenchug, Russia, 1861) and published as the organ of the Jewish Consumptives’ Relief Society of Denver, Colorado. CHAPTER XLIII. YIDDISH LITERATURE, DRAMA AND THE PRESS. Yiddish poets of the United States equal, if they do not excell, the poets of the same tongue in other countries――Morris Rosenfeld――“Yehoash” and Sharkansky――Bovshoer and other radicals――Zunser――Old fashioned novelists――The sketch writers who are under the influence of the Russian realistic writers―― Abner Tannenbaum――Alexander Harkavy――“Krantz,” Hermalin, Zevin and others――Abraham Goldfaden and the playwrights who followed him――Jacob Gordin and the realists――Yiddish actors and actresses――The Yiddish Press――The high position attained by the dailies――Weekly and monthly publications.