Almost all the authors of Yiddish works mentioned above, and many of the playwrights, have written, or are still writing, for the Yiddish press, which has attained here its highest development, Influenced by the example of the American newspapers, the Yiddish press has in the last two decades, by the directness of its appeal, by the attention it pays to news and questions in which its readers may be interested, and by keeping in touch with the current of life, reached a height far above the level of Yiddish newspapers in countries where their potential audience is much larger. The _Jewish Gazette_ of New York is now the oldest periodical in the world which is printed in Hebrew characters, and the younger popular weekly, _Der Amerikaner_ (established 1904), has probably outdistanced all Jewish magazines of the past and the present. The Yiddish daily papers occupy the front rank among the foreign language newspapers in the United States in regard to circulation, probably because the sufferings of the Jews in the Slavic countries causes the immigrant Jew to remain interested in periodicals which bring the news and discuss the questions of his old home country, longer than is the case with non-Jewish immigrants. The oldest of the Yiddish dailies is the _Jewish Daily News_, now edited by Leon Zolotkoff, founder and for many years editor of the _Jewish Courier_ of Chicago (established as a weekly 1887; daily since 1891). The next in age is the _Volksadvokat_, which was established as a weekly in 1887, from which grew the _Daily Jewish Herald_ (1894), which in 1905 became the _Warheit_, edited by Louis Miller. The socialistic _Forward_, of which Abraham Cahan is the editor, was established in 1897, and, like the other two, appears in the afternoon. The _Jewish Morning Journal_, the fourth New York Yiddish daily, was founded in 1901 by Jacob Saphirstein (b. in Byelostok, Russia, 1853; a. 1887), its present managing editor; and it has also a Philadelphia namesake, under the direction of Jacob Ginsburg. The _Jewish Press_ of Chicago, the _Jewish Daily Press_ of Cleveland, O., and the _Jewish Daily Eagle_ of Montreal, Canada, of which Reuben Brainin is the editor, complete the list of Yiddish daily papers in America. Of the weeklies, the _Freie Arbeiter Stimme_ (est. 1899) is mildly anarchistic; the Jewish _Labor World_ (est. 1909) is the organ of the Chicago radicals; _Der Kibetzer_ is the oldest of the humorous illustrated periodicals appearing in New York. There are also several trade papers, like the _Neue Post_ of the garment workers and _Der Yiddishe Backer_ of the bakers’ union, etc.