=Emancipation= (Equal Rights), introduced by Napoleon into duchy of Warsaw, I 298 not applied to Jews, I 298 f Warsaw Jews apply to Polish Government for, I 299 opposed by Polish Council of Ministers, I 299 suspended by duke of Warsaw for ten years, I 299 17 Jews of Warsaw apply for, as reward for assimilation, I 300 refused by Polish Minister of Justice, I 300 f representatives of Warsaw community plead for, I 301 f opposed by Polish Senate, I 302 Warsaw Jews apply to Nicholas I. for, II 110 granted to Jews of Poland by Alexander II. (1862), II 181 ff promised to Jews by early Russian revolutionaries, I 413 prominent St. Petersburg Jews apply to Alexander II. for, II 159 f recommended by Stroganov, governor-general of New Russia, II 168 f advocated by Russian-Jewish press, II 219 f, 238, 332 claimed by Young Israel, heterodox Jewish sect, II 334 recommended by Pahlen Commission, II 364, 368 urged by Guildhall meeting in London, II 391 demanded by Russian lawyers and writers for all citizens, III 105 partial E. promised by Russian Government, III 106 unrestricted E. demanded by Russian Jews, III 108 ff demanded by Society for Diffusion of Enlightenment, III 111 urged by League for Equal Rights, III 111 f adopted for all citizens by First Duma, III 135 bill providing for E. of Jews referred by First Duma to Committee, III 137 f opposed by Nicholas II., III 141 bill providing for, passed by Committee of Second Duma, III 142 forms platforms of Jewish people's group, III 140 f See League for Attainment of Equal Rights =Emden, Jacob=, opposed by Polish rabbis in fight with Eibeshütz, I 204 =Emigration=, of Jews, from Lithuania, prevented by Sigismund I. (1540) I 81 from Poland, caused by Khmelnitzki massacres (1648 ff), I 157 from Russia, caused by persecutions and pogroms, II 268, 327 ff, 413, 420; III 96 causes shortage of Jewish recruits, II 356 prompts imposition of military fine, II 373, 414 stimulated by educational restrictions, I 373 welcomed by Russian Government as solution of Jewish problem, II 419 f; III 10 encouraged by Russian Government, II 285, 414, 417 f, 420 old Russian law prohibiting E. not enforced, II 69, 285 Plehve promises to support E., III 83 to Algiers, proposed by French Jews, II 69 to Argentina, II 413, 416 ff, 419 f to Canada, II 421 to Palestine, I 269 f; II 321 f, 419 ff, 421 ff; advocated by _Poale Zion_, III 145; importance of, recognized by Russian Jewry, III 54, 147 to United States, II 297 f, 320 f, 373 ff, 409, 413, 420 f; III 96, 104; calls forth protest of U. S. Government, II 396; importance of, recognized by Russian Jewish parties, III 54, 145, 147