=Russia, New (South Russia)=, steppes of, inhabited by Cossacks, I 142 f Jews permitted to settle in (1791), I 316 Karaites of, granted special privileges (1795), I 318 included in Pale (1804), I 342; (1835), II 40 expelled village Jews beg to be transferred to, I 352 Jews of White Russia settle as farmers in, I 363 f agricultural immigration into, temporarily stopped (1810), I 365 Government attempts to settle "Israelitish Christians" in, I 400 Jewish agricultural colonies in, II 70 f, 197 Max Lilienthal makes educational tour, through, II 56 represented on Rabbinical Commission of Bezalel Stern, II 57 Odessa, capital of, center of Haskalah, II 132 Vorontzov, governor-general of, defends Jews, II 64 ff Stroganov, governor-general of, advocates emancipation of Jews, II 168 f pogroms in, II 249 ff See Odessa =Russia, Red=, occasionally called Russia (or Russ), I 75, 115 corresponds to Eastern Galicia, I 53 forms independent principality, I 53 annexed by Casimir the Great, I 42, 53 Lemberg, leading city of, I 74 invaded by Khmelnitzki, I 150 f Jews forbidden to sell cloth in, I 75 Jews of, represented on Council of Four Lands, I 110 federated Kahals of, I 196 Solomon of Lemberg, chosen spiritual head of, I 115 voyevoda of, grants constitution to Lemberg Jews, I 191 See Lemberg =Russia, White=, Ukrainian bands penetrate into (1648), I 149 invaded by Russian troops (1654), I 153 f, 244 f annexed by Russia (1772), I 186, 262, 306 divided into two governments (Moghilev and Vitebsk), I 307 becomes Jewish intellectual center, I 159 f federated Kahals of, I 196 traces of Sabbatian propaganda in, I 205 differs intellectually from South-west, I 221 Hasidism spreads in, I 230, 238, 372; but excelled by Rabbinism, I 274 distinct character of Hasidism in, I 233 ff Kahals of, appealed to by Elijah Gaon against Hasidism, I 373 Hasidism in, founded by Shneor Zalman, I 234, 356, II 57; and represented by his dynasty, II 117 Jews of, penetrate into Moscow, I 245; and Smolensk, I 249 Russian Government promises Jews of, preservation of ancient liberties (1772), I 306 f, 366 Jews of, numbered and taxed, I 307 internal organization of Jews in, I 308 ff Kahals of, recognized by Government, I 309; but restricted to spiritual affairs and collection of taxes, I 313 Jews of, oppressed by Passek, governor-general, I 310 ff Jews of, appeal to Catherine II., I 311 Jews of, refused permission to settle in Riga, I 313; and outside of White Russia in general, 315 f included in Pale (1794), I 317; (1804), I 342; (1835, except villages), II 40 Jews of, immigrate to New Russia, I 364, II 70 famine in (1821), I 329