Jews forbidden to settle anew in, and to acquire property in ("Temporary Rules" of May 3, 1882), II 312 remain closed to Jews, II 318 old Jewish settlers expelled from, by peasant communes, II 318 f peasants encouraged to expel old Jewish settlers from, II 319, 340 Jews in, harassed by Russian officials, II 340 ff thousands of Jews expelled from, in governments of Chernigov and Poltava, II 341 disabilities of Jews in, commented upon by Pahlen Commission, II 366 discharged Jewish soldiers, being regarded as "new settlers," barred from returning to, II 384 towns transferred into, and barred to Jews (1890), II 385; reopened to Jews (1903), III 80 f policy of eliminating Jews from, continued under Nicholas II., III 16 ff Jews dislodged from, by introduction of liquor monopoly (1894), III 23 privileged Jews, though admitted into Interior, prohibited from acquiring property in (1903), III 81; exception made for Jews with higher education (1904), III 98 wholesale expulsions of Jews from (1910), III 157 See Expulsion, and Residence, Right of =Villani, Matteo=, Italian chronicler, quoted, I 52 =Vilna= (_Polish_, Wilna, city), superseded by Warsaw as capital, I 85 conquered by Russians (1654), I 154, 245 surrendered by Poles, I 155 Lithuanian Hetman resides in, I 192 anti-Jewish riots in (under Polish Régime), I 94, 99, 161, 166; by invading Russian troops, I 245 Jews of, permitted to engage, in petty trade, I 99 Jews of, restricted to "Jewish Street" and placed under jurisdiction of Municipal Courts (1633), I 99 Jewish community of, represented on Lithuanian Waad, I 112 Kahal of, engaged in litigation with rabbi of, I 275 f Jews of, support Polish troops fighting against Russians (1792), I 292 Christian burghers of, protest to Alexander I., against admission of Jews to city-government (1805), I 370 Jews of, barred from city-government in (1805), I 370 exclusion of Jews from city-government of, confirmed in Statute of 1835, II 41 hasidic societies secretly organized in, I 237 visited by Shneor Zalman to request interview with Gaon, I 238 Kahal of, excommunicates Hasidim (1772), I 237, 371; (1796), II 371, 373 Hasidim reside "illegally" in, I 372 Kahal of, sends out messengers to stir up anti-hasidic agitation, I 373 Hasidim of, rejoice over death of Gaon, I 375 Kahal elders of, vow to avenge insult to Gaon, I 375; and denounce Hasidism to Government, I 375 f Hasidim arrested in, I 376 Hasidim of, depose Kahal elders, I 377 conference of Jewish deputies at (1815), I 393 f Kahal of, pleads for abolition of cantonists, II 36