"My opinion concerning the Kishinev crime is the result also of my religious convictions. Upon the receipt of the first news which was published in the papers, not yet knowing all the appalling details which were communicated subsequently, I fully realized the horror of what had taken place, and experienced simultaneously a burning feeling of pity for the innocent victims of the cruelty of the populace, amazement at the bestiality of all these so-called Christians, revulsion at all these so-called cultured people who instigated the mob and sympathized with its actions. But I felt a particular horror for the principal culprit, our Government with its clergy which fosters in the people bestial sentiments and fanaticism, with its horde of murderous officials. The crime committed at Kishinev is nothing but a direct consequence of that propaganda of falsehood and violence which is conducted by the Russian Government with such energy. The attitude adopted by the Russian Government in relation to this question may only serve as a new proof of the class egotism of this Government, which stops at no cruelty whenever it finds it necessary to check movements that are deemed dangerous by it. Like the Turkish Government at the time of the Armenian massacres, it remains entirely indifferent to the most horrible acts of cruelty, as long as these acts do not affect its interests." [38] _Schlaff is unser Hand zu streiten, stark un schwer is unser Schmerz, Kum-zhe du mit Treist un Liebe, gutes heisses jüdisch Herz! Brüder, Schwester, hot rachmones: groiss un schrecklich is di Noit, Giebt di Toite oif Tachrichim, giebt di Lebedige Broit!_ [39] _Massa Nemirov._ This heading was chosen to appease the censor. As the name Kishinev could not be mentioned, Nemirov was chosen, being the name of the town which yielded the largest number of victims during the Cossack massacres of 1648. [See vol. I, p. 146, _et seq._--In a later edition the poem was renamed _Be-'Ir ha-Haregah_, "In the city of Slaughter."] CHAPTER XXXIV CONTINUED POGROMS AND THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR 1. THE POGROM AT HOMEL AND THE JEWISH SELF-DEFENCE