Enmity of the Samaritans against the Judæans--The Temple on Mount Gerizim--The High-Priest Manasseh--The mixed language of the Samaritans--Their veneration for the Law of Moses--Judaism loses its national meaning--The Jubilee and Sabbatical Year--Almsgiving--The Council of Seventy--The Assyrian Characters--The Schools and the Sopherim--Observance of the Ceremonies--The Prayers--The Future Life--The Judæans under Artaxerxes II. and III.--Their Banishment to the Caspian Sea--Johanan and Joshua contend for the office of High-Priest--Bagoas--The Writings of the Period--The Greeks and Macedonians--Alexander the Great and the Judæans--Judæa accounted a Province of Cœlesyria--Struggles between Alexander's Successors--Capture of Jerusalem by Ptolemy--Judæa added to the Lagidean-Egyptian Kingdom--The Judæan Colonies in Egypt and Syria and the Greek Colonies in Palestine. 420-300 B. C. E. Hatred which arises from rejected love is stronger and more vehement than enmity resulting from inexplicable antipathy, jealousy, or disagreement. Sanballat, as well as his Samaritan followers and companions, out of preference for the God of Israel, had struggled to be received into the Judæan community. The virulence of their enmity against Nehemiah, who had raised the commonwealth from its declining state, was in reality an impetuous offer of love, by which they hoped to secure an intimate connection with Judæa. But as they were repulsed again and again, this yearning love changed into burning hatred. When Sanballat, who thought he had attained his aim by his connection with the high-priest's family, learned of the insult shown him in the banishment of his son-in-law Manasseh, because of that priest's marriage with his daughter, the measure of his wrath was full. He cunningly conceived the plan of disorganising the Judæan community, by the help of its own members. What if he were to raise a temple to the God of Israel, to contest the supremacy of the one at Jerusalem? There were among his followers priests of the descendants of Aaron, who could legally conduct the service, as prescribed in the Torah, in the projected sanctuary. The dignity of high-priest could fitly be assumed by his son-in-law Manasseh, and the other Aaronides who had been expelled from the Temple could officiate with him. Everything appeared favourable to his design. Both his desire of worshipping the God of Israel, and his ambition to be at the head of a separate community, could easily be satisfied at the same time. On the summit of the fruitful Mount Gerizim, at the foot of the city of Shechem, in the very heart of the land of Palestine, Sanballat built his Temple, probably after the death of Artaxerxes (about 420).