History of the Jews, Vol. 4 (of 6)Graetz, Heinrich
History
History of the Jews, Vol. 4 (of 6)
Graetz, Heinrich
Jews -- History
Whether Pichon had deserved death, even according to rabbinical law,
or whether he fell a victim to the intrigues of his enemies, is not
known. It is not difficult to understand that so cruel an act should
have stirred up widespread indignation. The anger of the young king
knew no bounds when he learnt that his coronation festivities had been
stained with the murder of one who had rendered his father substantial
services, and that his own sanction had been surreptitiously obtained.
He immediately ordered the execution of the Jews who had carried
out the sentence, and of a Jewish judge of Burgos. Even the chief
of police, Fernan Martin, was ordered to be put to death for the
assistance he had given; but at the intercession of some nobles, his
life was spared, and his punishment commuted to the chopping off of
one hand. This incident had other grave consequences. The king at
once deprived the rabbis and Jewish courts of justice of jurisdiction
in criminal cases, on the ground of their abuse of the privilege.
At the first meeting of the cortes at Soria (1380), he made this
restriction a permanent statute. By its terms the rabbis and communal
leaders were thenceforth prohibited from decreeing punishments of
death, dismemberment, or exile, and in criminal cases were to choose
Christian judges. One of the reasons assigned was that, according to
the prophets, the Jews were to be deprived of all power and freedom
after the advent of Jesus. The still exasperated king then arraigned
the Jews on other charges. He accused them particularly of cursing
Christians and the Christian church in their prayers, and with
receiving Mahometans, Tartars, and other foreign persons into the pale
of Judaism, and having them circumcised. These alleged practices were
forbidden under heavy penalties. The feeling against the Jews was
not limited to the king and the court circle. The entire population
of Castile was roused by the apparently unjust execution of Joseph
Pichon, and by the circumstance that his death was not the work of
irresponsible individuals, but of the foremost leaders of the Jewish
community. In Seville, where Pichon had been very popular, the fury
against the Jews rose to such a height that, had the opportunity
presented itself, summary vengeance would have been taken.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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