=Ælia Capitolina=, name of Jerusalem under Hadrian, =2=, 421-2. =Ælius Hadrian.= _See_ Hadrian. =Afia, Aaron=, scientist in Salonica, =4=, 405. =Africa (northern)=, Karaites influential in, in the tenth century, =3=, 207. Jewish captives transported to, =3=, 213. students from, at the Cordova Talmud school, =3=, 228. part of the Fatimide Caliphate, =3=, 248. Talmud authorities of, in the eleventh century, =3=, 248-9. Abraham Ibn-Ezra in, =3=, 369. asylum for persecuted Jews in the fifteenth century, =4=, 197-8. the Sephardic liturgy adopted in, =4=, 198. Portuguese conquests on the coast of, =4=, 218. Marranos flee to, =4=, 318. Spanish exiles in, =4=, 352, 358, 361-2, 389-96. descendants of Portuguese Marranos in, =4=, 381. Spanish spoken in, by the exiles, =4=, 389. emigration of Portuguese Marranos to, forbidden, =4=, 508. =Africa (northern), the Jews of=, conspire against the Visigothic empire, =3=, 108. aid Tarik, =3=, 109. persecuted, =3=, 357-60, 451. =Africa, Visigothic=, the Jews of, enjoy civil and political equality, =3=, 45. =Agada=, the, popular exposition of the Prophets and historical writings, =2=, 328-9. of Jochanan ben Zakkai, =2=, 329. used by R. Meïr, =2=, 440. the study of, preferred in Judæa, =2=, 540. cultivated by the brothers of Rabba bar Nachmani, =2=, 575-6. cultivated under Theodosius II, =2=, 623. in the synagogue forbidden by Justinian I, =3=, 14. manifests the spirit of Judaism, =3=, 15. frequent use of, in the synagogues of the East, =3=, 16. cultivated among the Arabic Jews, =3=, 59. replaced by neo-Hebraic poetry, =3=, 116. cultivated by Eleazar ben Kalir, =3=, 117. studied by French and Italian Jews in the ninth century, =3=, 160. used by Rashi, =3=, 288. used by the Tossafists, =3=, 345. effect of, on Asiatic Jews, =3=, 440. contains philosophical doctrines according to Maimonides, =3=, 479. reconciled with philosophy by Abraham Maimuni, =3=, 495. rejected by Maimonides, =3=, 523, 533. accepted literally by Solomon ben Abraham, =3=, 527-8. view of, held by Nachmani, =3=, 533, 535, 599-600. in the Kabbala, =3=, 549, 552. used by Pablo Christiani, =3=, 599. rationalized by Solomon ben Adret, =3=, 619. used by Raymund Martin, =3=, 622. authority of, =4=, 214. declared without authority by Chayim Ibn-Musa, =4=, 237. quoted, =4=, 242. reviled by Aaron Margalita, =5=, 194. used by Mannheimer, =5=, 581. =Agag=, Amalekite king, defeated by Saul, =1=, 91-2. killed, =1=, 93. =Agape=, the meal of the Nazarenes, =2=, 223. =Agen=, meeting-place of the Pastoureaux, =4=, 56.