=Berlin=, settlement of Jews in, =5=, 174. Chayon at, =5=, 218-20. subscribers to Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation in, =5=, 329. the Free School of, =5=, 416. the progressive party in, =5=, 418. Jewish physicians of, a class, =5=, 461. the University of, arbiter between the Jews and the Senate of Frankfort, =5=, 520. Jacobson transplants the Reform movement to, =5=, 562-3. private synagogues in, closed, =5=, 563. appoints no rabbi, =5=, 566. a German Jewish church in, =5=, 683. rabbinical colleges at, =5=, 700. =Berlin, the Jews of=, threatened with expulsion, =4=, 652. under Frederick I, =5=, 190. split into two parties, =5=, 219. culture of, =5=, 294-5. enterprises of, =5=, 396-7. devoted to literary pursuits, =5=, 397. encourage the Meassef, =5=, 399. influenced by Herz, =5=, 407. disseminators of culture, =5=, 410-11. the salons of, =5=, 412-13, 422-23. millionaires, =5=, 414. begin the emancipation struggle, =5=, 414-16. influence of, =5=, 416-17. apostasy among, =5=, 420, 587. procure an order against anti-Jewish pamphlets, =5=, 469. object to Napoleon’s Synhedrion, =5=, 494-5. antipathy to, weakened, =5=, 691. _See also_ Reform of Judaism, the. “=Berlin religion=,” the, opposition to, =5=, 333. =Bernal=, Abraham Nuñes and Marcus da Almeyda, Marranos, martyrs, =5=, 92. =Bernaldez, Andreas=, pastor, on the Spanish Jewish exiles, =4=, 349. =Bernard of Clairvaux=, abbot, preaches the second crusade, =3=, 349. preaches the repudiation of Jewish debts, =3=, 349. prevents a persecution of the French Jews, =3=, 351, 356. appealed to, by the archbishop of Mayence, =3=, 352. denounces Rudolph, =3=, 353. influences Rudolph, =3=, 353. =Bernard of Sienna=, master of John of Capistrano, =4=, 257. =Bernard, Isaac=, Mendelssohn’s employer, =5=, 296, 303. =Bernardinus of Feltre=, Franciscan, preaches against the Jews in Italy, =4=, 296. failure of, =4=, 296-7. in Trent, =4=, 297. raises the blood accusation, =4=, 298. =Bernardo=, Dominican, incites the mob against Marranos, =4=, 487. =Bernays, Isaac= (1792-1849), opposes the Hamburg reforms, =5=, 574. characteristics of, =5=, 574-5, 577. chief work by, =5=, 575. criticises Mendelssohn and his school, =5=, 575. appointed to the Hamburg rabbinate, =5=, 576. character of the sermons by, =5=, 577. Heine on, =5=, 577. respected by the orthodox, =5=, 577-8. influence of, in Germany, =5=, 582. influence of, on Steinheim, =5=, 602. Ben Usiel disciple of, =5=, 627. forbids the use of the Reform Temple prayer book, =5=, 673. attacked by the Reform Temple Union, =5=, 673. supported by the rabbi of Altona, =5=, 674. =Bernays, Jacob=, founder of the Breslau seminary, =5=, 700.