=Christianity=, Essenism with foreign elements, =2=, 142. origin of, in Messianic longings, =2=, 142-3. helped by the exegesis of the Pharisees, =2=, 166. averse to Phariseeism, =2=, 171. power of, over Rome, =2=, 174. indebted to the apostle Paul, =2=, 225, 365. does not appeal to cultivated Greeks, =2=, 229. relation of, to Judaism, according to Paul, =2=, 229-30. schism in, =2=, 230, 232, 365. influences the Jewish peasants, =2=, 364. development of, belongs to Jewish history, =2=, 365. equivalent to the teaching of Paul, =2=, 373. elements of, =2=, 373-4. as viewed by the Gnostics, =2=, 377. influences Judaism, =2=, 380-1. mocked at by Hadrian, =2=, 407-8. independent of Judaism, =2=, 431. laws hostile to, promulgated by Severus, =2=, 464. admired by Alexander Severus, =2=, 481. becomes the Catholic Church, =2=, 500. new dogmas of, =2=, 500-1. oppresses Judaism and Samaritanism, =2=, 535. proselytizing efforts of, =2=, 539. persecuted by Diocletian, =2=, 539. triumphant, =2=, 559, 560. influence of, on Constantine, =2=, 561-2. completely separated from Judaism, =2=, 563-4. shaped by Constantius, =2=, 566. confined by Julian the Apostate, =2=, 596. and Magianism, =2=, 627. forced upon the Samaritans, =3=, 16-17. tolerant in western Europe, =3=, 34. among the Chazars, =3=, 139-40. barbarous during the Middle Ages, =3=, 187. objections of, to Judaism answered by Saadiah, =3=, 198. contest of, with Islam, =3=, 297. characterized by Jehuda Halevi, =3=, 328-9, 330. belief of, in the supernatural, =5=, 305. dethronement of, by the French thinkers, =5=, 305-6. Mendelssohn on, =5=, 313-14. characterized by Heine, =5=, 552. _See also_ Christian dogmas; Christians; Polemical works against Christianity. =Christianity, conversions to.= _See_ Apostasy; _and under_ Conversion. =Christianity, Pauline=, hostility of, accentuates the legal character of Judaism, =2=, 471. produces the Talmud, =3=, 127.