=Costa, Isaac Atias da=, civic honors of, =5=, 458. =Costa, Joseph da=, and Manasseh ben Israel, =5=, 34. =Costa, Uriel (Gabriel) da= (1590-1640), as a Marrano, =5=, 56. studies the Scriptures, =5=, 57. returns to Judaism, =5=, 57. at odds with Amsterdam Judaism, =5=, 58-9. excommunicated, =5=, 59. attacked by Samuel da Silva, =5=, 59. publishes a work hostile to Judaism, =5=, 59-60. retracts, =5=, 60-1. formulates a natural religion, =5=, 61. fails to conform to Jewish usages, =5=, 62. restrains Christians from becoming Jews, =5=, 62. refuses to do penance, =5=, 62. penance imposed upon, =5=, 63-4. autobiography of, =5=, 64-5. suicide of, =5=, 64. violence of, =5=, 84. case of, compared with Spinoza’s, =5=, 92, 93, 97. =Costnitz.= _See_ Constance. =Costobar=, prevents the escape of fugitives from Jerusalem, =2=, 89. =Costobar=, of the Herodian family, wickedness of, =2=, 236. accuses Gessius Florus before Nero, =2=, 268. =Cotys=, king of Armenia Minor, ally of Agrippa I, =2=, 195. =Cotys=, Byzantine commander, subdues the Jews of Antioch, =3=, 18. =Council of Elders=, the, instituted by Moses, =1=, 25-6. =Council of Seventy=, the. _See_ Council, the Great. =Council, the Great=, of Seventy, work of, =1=, 394-5. institutes Chanukah, =1=, 472-3. informs the Egyptian Judæans of the independence of Judæa, =1=, 522. composed of Sadducees, =2=, 42. chief post in, given up to the Pharisees, =2=, 48-9. reorganized, =2=, 50. called the Great Synhedrion, =2=, 71. _See_ Synhedrion, the. =Council, the Great=, couples at the head of: José, son of Joëzer. José, son of Johanan. Joshua, son of Perachia. Matthai of Arbela. Judah ben Tabbai. Simon ben Shetach. Shemaya. Abtalion. Hillel I. Shammai. =Councils, Church.= _See_ Church Councils. “=Counsels and Lessons=,” by Santob de Carrion, =4=, 115. =Couples.= _See_ Council, the Great. =Courts of justice=, held on Mondays and Thursdays in Judæa, =1=, 394. restored to the Jews by Alexander Severus, =2=, 482. purified by Abba-Areka, =2=, 517. _See also_ Jurisdiction, Jewish, autonomous. =Coutinho, Ferdinand=, bishop of Algarve, opposes the forcible baptism of Jews, =4=, 375. describes the baptism of Jewish children, =4=, 376. opposes the Portuguese Inquisition, =4=, 500. =Cracow=, Jews massacred in, on the charge of well poisoning, =4=, 111. the Jews of, number of, =4=, 632. the German population of, =5=, 3. Chassidistic writings burned in, =5=, 393. =Cranganor=, destroyed, =2=, 630. =Crassus=, member of the first Triumvirate, receives Syria, =2=, 73. robs the Temple, =2=, 74. slain, =2=, 74. =Creation=, Kabbalistic theory of, =3=, 552-3. theory of, held by Isaac Lurya, =4=, 619.