=Idumæans=, the, antagonize the Israelites in the desert, =1=, 27. characteristics of, =1=, 55. relations of, to the Israelites, =1=, 56-9. routed by Othniel, =1=, 60. attracted to Palestine under Solomon, =1=, 173. gain independence, =1=, 185. revolt of, from Judah, =1=, 209. conquered by Amaziah, =1=, 222-3. attack Jerusalem under Uzziah, =1=, 226-7. defeated by Uzziah, =1=, 230. allies of Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 314. molest fugitive Judæans, =1=, 318. appropriate Judæan territory, =1=, 325-6. settled to the south of Judæa, =1=, 355. in possession of Judæan territory, =1=, 435. hostile to the Judæans during the Syrian invasions, =1=, 473, 474. defeated by Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 474. hostile to Judæa under John Hyrcanus, =2=, 7. forcibly converted to Judaism, =2=, 8-9. colony of, in Samaria, =2=, 9, 10. expeditions of, against Simon bar Giora, =2=, 293. help the Zealots against Anan, =2=, 295-6. disliked by the Zealots and the Moderates, =2=, 296. allied with the aristocratic party, =2=, 298. one of the factions in Jerusalem, =2=, 301. try to make terms with Titus, =2=, 309. =Ifra-Ormuzd=, mother of Shabur II, leans towards Judaism, =2=, 580, 592-3. generous towards the Pumbeditha academy, =2=, 581. protects the Jews, =2=, 592. assists Raba bar Joseph, =2=, 592. =Iggaron=, Hebrew lexicon by Saadiah, =3=, 190. =Iggeret Teman=, by Maimonides, =3=, 462-4. =Ignatius=, Christian martyr, =2=, 621. =Ijon=, subjugated by Ben-hadad I, =1=, 191. =Ikkarim=, work by Joseph Albo, =4=, 239. =Ilai=, member of the Jamnia Synhedrion, =2=, 357. =Ilhas Perdidas.= _See_ San Thomas. =Illiberis (Elvira), the Council of=, forbids Christians to trade with Jews, =2=, 620. anti-Jewish decrees of, =3=, 43, 44. =Illyria=, synagogues of, protected by Arcadius, =2=, 616. the Jews of, autonomous, =3=, 27. =Ilpha=, companion of Jochanan bar Napacha, =2=, 493. =Imam=, founder of the Fatimide dynasty, =3=, 212. =Imamate=, the, the high priesthood among the Mahometans, =3=, 110. =Immaculate Conception=, the, dogma of, attacked by Chasdaï Crescas, =4=, 187. =Immanuel ben Solomon Romi= (1265-1330), poet, under Maimunist influence, =3=, 630; =4=, 60. characterization of, =4=, 63-4. position of, in the Roman Jewish community, =4=, 64-5. friend of Dante, =4=, 65. works of, =4=, 65-7. place of, in neo-Hebraic poetry, =4=, 67; =5=, 112. in Fermo, =4=, 68. on the poets of his time, =4=, 68.