=Isidore=, archbishop of Seville, presides over the Council of Toledo, =3=, 49. writes two books against the Jews, =3=, 50. =Isidorus=, an Alexandrian actuary, hostile to the Judæans, =2=, 181. envoy of the Greek Alexandrians to Caligula, =2=, 186. =Isis=, Egyptian goddess, =1=, 9. =Islam=, the faith of Mahomet, =3=, 71. intolerance of, =3=, 87-8. divided on the election of the fourth caliph, =3=, 90. among the Chazars, =3=, 139. champion of, tries to convert Bulan, =3=, 139-40. philosophy of, called Kalâm, =3=, 146-9. theology affects the Jews of the East, =3=, 148. objections of, to Judaism, answered by Saadiah, =3=, 198. conversion to, decreed by Hakim, =3=, 247. contest of, with Christianity, =3=, 297. characterized by Jehuda Halevi, =3=, 329, 330. characterized as idolatry by a Jewish writer, =3=, 453. _See also_ Conversions, forced, of Jews to Islam. =Isle de France=, the inheritance of the kings of France, =3=, 401. Jews banished from, by Philip Augustus, =3=, 402-3. the Jews of, not permitted to move to Champagne, =3=, 406. =Isny=, Hebrew printing house at, =4=, 474. =Ispahan=, Armenian Jews colonized in, =2=, 591. called Jehudia, =2=, 591. =Ispahan, the Jews of=, persecuted by Firuz, =2=, 629. adherents of Obaiah Abu-Isa ben Ishak, =3=, 124. in the twelfth century, =3=, 434. =Ispahanites=, adherents of Obaiah Abu-Isa ben Ishak, =3=, 125. =Israel (Ten Tribes), the house of=, renounces allegiance to David, =1=, 140. revolts from David, =1=, 148-50. dislike of, to Judah under Solomon, =1=, 174. =Israel (Ten Tribes), the kingdom of=, first indications of, =1=, 109. founded by Jeroboam, =1=, 183. subjects of, worship at Jerusalem, =1=, 185. idolatry introduced into, by Jeroboam, =1=, 185-7. loyalty to monotheism in, under Ahab, =1=, 198-9. luxury in, =1=, 232. immorality in, under Jeroboam II, =1=, 233. idolatry in, under Menahem, =1=, 244, 247. invaded by Pul, =1=, 246-7. power of, under Menahem, =1=, 247. invaded by Tiglath-Pileser II, =1=, 259-60. inhabitants of, carried to Assyria, =1=, 260. debauchery of the nobles of, under Hoshea, =1=, 262-3. end of, =1=, 264-5. _See also_ Samaria, etc. =Israel (Ten Tribes), the kings of=, list of: Ahab, Ahaziah, Baasha, Elah, Hoshea, Jehoahaz, Jehoash, Jehoram (Joram), Jehu, Jeroboam I, Jeroboam II, Menahem, Nadab, Omri, Pekah, Pekahiah, Shallum, Tibni, Zechariah, Zimri. =Israel (whole nation)=, history of, by Baruch, =1=, 336-7. _See under_ Israelites, the. =Israel, Young=, under Hegel’s influence, =5=, 585. =Israel of Enns=, charged with host desecration, =4=, 223. =Israel of Kozieniza=, leader of the Chassidim, =5=, 393.