=Jacob Polak= (1460-1530), Talmudist, alleged originator of the Pilpul, =4=, 418. =Jacob Querido=, supposed son of Sabbataï Zevi, reverenced by the Sabbatians, =5=, 209. declared the Messiah, =5=, 210. profligacy of, =5=, 210. accepts Islam, =5=, 211. death of, =5=, 211. son of, =5=, 211. prayers addressed to, =5=, 274. =Jacob Tam= of Rameru (1100-1171), Tossafist, respected by the king of France, =3=, 343. grandson of Rashi, =3=, 345. attacked by crusaders, =3=, 355. poem by, on Abraham Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 373, 376. character and life of, =3=, 375-6. as a grammarian, =3=, 376. presides over rabbinical synods, =3=, 376-8. orders mourning for the Jews of Blois, =3=, 380-1. death of, =3=, 381. disciples of, in England, =3=, 409. ancestor of the Ibn-Yachya family, =4=, 609. =Jacob Tus=, translates the Pentateuch into Persian, =4=, 401. =Jacob Weil.= _See_ Weil, Jacob. =Jacobacio=, cardinal, on the commission to examine Paul III’s Inquisition bull, =4=, 520. =Jacobi=, accuses Lessing of Spinozism, =5=, 372. =Jacobson, Israel= (1769-1828), procures the abolition of the poll-tax in Brunswick Lüneburg, =5=, 467. character of, =5=, 500-1. commemorates the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 501. effects consistorial organization in Westphalia, =5=, 501-2. president of the consistory, =5=, 501, 502. foolhardiness of, =5=, 502. desires reforms, =5=, 502. influence of Heine on, =5=, 546. the reforms of, =5=, 561-2. private synagogue of, in Berlin, =5=, 562-3. delivers German sermons, =5=, 563. party of, =5=, 568. aids the Hamburg Temple, =5=, 568. enlists the aid of Libermann, =5=, 568, 571. disciples of the school of, =5=, 578, 595. and Mannheimer, =5=, 580. advises the Society for Culture, =5=, 583. =Jacoby, Joel=, author of the “Plaints of a Jew,” =5=, 631, 632. =Jacopo, Flavio=, poet, =4=, 610. =Jaddua=, high priest, and Alexander the Great, =1=, 413. =Jael=, Kenite woman, murders Sisera, =1=, 61. =Jaen=, home of Chasdaï Ibn-Shaprut’s ancestors, =3=, 216. the Jews of, captives, =4=, 126. Inquisition tribunals in, =4=, 325. the Marranos of, flee, =4=, 351. =Jafa, Mordecai.= _See_ Mordecai Jafa. =Jaffa, Marcus Schlesinger=, only Jew permitted in Venice, =5=, 172. =Jaffa.= _See_ Joppa. =Jager, Johann.= _See_ Rubianus, Crotus. =Jahaz=, the Israelites victorious at, =1=, 27. =Jakim.= _See_ Alcimus. =James= (Jacob), brother of Jesus, =2=, 148. leader of the Law-abiding Nazarenes, =2=, 169, 222. rebukes Peter, =2=, 231. =Jamnia= (Jabne), conquered by Uzziah, =1=, 231. occupied by Gorgias, =1=, 476. revenue from, given to Salome, =2=, 120. possession of the Roman emperors, =2=, 324. school established at, =2=, 324-5, 334-5. Simon II at, =2=, 434.