174. The Hellenists induce Antiochus IV to divest Onias III of the high-priestly dignity, and under Jason obtain citizenship for Judæans trained for the Greek combats. Gymnasiums and the Greek games at Jerusalem. 172. Menelaus (Onias) the Benjamite made high priest by Antiochus IV. 171. Death of Onias III; Menelaus guilty of Temple robbery, but exonerated by Antiochus IV. 168. Antiochus IV attacks Jerusalem, and desecrates the Holy of Holies. 168, Tammuz 17. A STATUE OF JUPITER PLACED IN THE TEMPLE by the Syrians. The Chassidim suffer martyrdom. _Mattathias the Hasmonæan resists the Syrian overseer._ =167.= =Judas Maccabæus= victorious in his first battle with the Syrians under Apollonius. 166. Judas Maccabæus victorious over Heron at Beth-horon. The Book of Daniel written. Judas Maccabæus victorious over Gorgias at Emmaus. 165. Judas Maccabæus victorious over Lysias at Bethzur. 165, Kislev 25. THE TEMPLE RE-DEDICATED (Chanukah). Judas Maccabæus and his brothers victorious over the Idumæans, Ammonites, and Philistines. 164. Death of Antiochus IV Epiphanes. 163. Judas Maccabæus retreats before Lysias at Beth-Zachariah; his brother Eleazar Hauran killed. Jerusalem besieged by Lysias. Judas Maccabæus high priest. 162(about). The _Onias Temple_ built at Leontopolis in Egypt by Onias IV, son of Onias III, the first _Alabarch_. The Hellenists calumniate Judas Maccabæus before Demetrius I. Alcimus made high priest. Factions under Judas and Alcimus. 160. Judas Maccabæus victorious over Nicanor at Caphar-Salama and Adarsa. _He makes overtures to the Romans._ The Judæans defeated at Eleasa by the Syrians under Bacchides; JUDAS MACCABÆUS KILLED. Parties in Judæa: Chassidim, Hasmonæans, Hellenists. _Jonathan Haphus_, brother of Judas, defends himself unsuccessfully against Bacchides; his brother Johanan Gadi killed in a skirmish with the Bene Amri. 159. Judæa evacuated by the Syrians. 157. The Syrian war renewed at the instigation of the Hellenists.