obliged him to retire from public life. He died June 19, 1794. [54] Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and R. R. Livingston. [55] See note at the end of the chapter. [56] On the 24th of June, 1776, the Congress declared, by resolution, that "all persons abiding within any of the United Colonies, and deriving protection from the laws of the same, owed allegiance to the said laws, and were members of such colony; and that all persons passing through or making a temporary stay in any of the colonies, being entitled to the protection of the laws, during the time of such passage, visitation, or temporary stay, owed, during the same, allegiance thereto." Journals, II. 216. [57] The title of "The United States of America" was formally assumed in the Articles of Confederation, when they came to be adopted. But it was in use, without formal enactment, from the date of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. On the 9th of September, 1776, it was ordered that in all continental commissions and other instruments, where the words "United Colonies" had been used, the style should be altered to the "United States." Journals, II. 349. [58] Journals, II. 263, 320; III. 123, 502, 513. [59] From June 11, 1776, to November 17, 1777. [60] Sparks's Washington, III. 20, note. [61] Works, III. 20. [62] Ibid. 46. [63] Ibid. 47. [64] Ibid. 55. [65] Ibid. 56. [66] Letters of General Washington to the President of Congress, September 21, 1775 (Works, III. 98); October 30, 1775 (Ibid. 137); November 8, 1775 (Ibid. 146). [67] Letters of General Washington to Joseph Reed, November 8, 1775 (Works, III. 150); November 28, 1775 (Ibid. 177); and to the President of Congress, December 4, 1775 (Ibid. 184); to Governor Cooke of Connecticut, December 5, 1775 (Ibid. 188). [68] Journals of Congress, II. 208, September 29, 1775. [69] Writings of Washington, III. 123, note. [70] February 9, 1776 (Works, III. 278). [71] Mr. Jefferson once said to my kinsman, Mr. George Ticknor, that when they had any doubtful and difficult measure to carry in this Congress, they counted the four New England colonies, and Virginia, as _sure_; and then they looked round to see where they could get two more, to make the needful majority.