History of the Origin, Formation, and Adoption of the Constitution of the United States, Vol. 2: With Notices of Its Principle FramersCurtis, George Ticknor
History
History of the Origin, Formation, and Adoption of the Constitution of the United States, Vol. 2: With Notices of Its Principle Framers
Curtis, George Ticknor
Constitutional history -- United States
This arrangement was, upon the whole, reasonable and equitable. It
balanced the equal representation of the States in the Senate against
the popular representation in the House, and it gave to the larger
States an important influence over the appropriations of money and the
levying of taxes. Nor can the admission of the slaves, in some
proportion, into the rule of representation, be justly considered as
an improper concession, in a system in which the separate
organizations of the States were to be retained, and in which the
States were to be represented in proportion to their respective
populations.
The report of the committee had recommended that this plan should be
taken as a whole; but as its several features were distasteful to
different sections of the Convention, and almost all parties were
disappointed in the result arrived at by the committee, the several
parts of the plan became at once separate subjects of discussion. In
the first place, the friends of a pure system of popular
representation in both branches objected to the provision concerning
money and appropriation bills, as being no concession on the part of
the smaller States, and as a useless restriction.[89] It therefore, in
their view, left in force all their objections against allowing each
State an equal voice in the Senate. But it was voted to retain it in
the report,[90] and the equal vote of the States in the second branch
was also retained.[91]
The scale of apportionment of representatives, recommended in the
report of the committee, was also objected to on various grounds. It
was said that a mere representation of persons was not what the
circumstances of the case required;--that property as well as persons
ought to be taken into the account in order to obtain a just index of
the relative rank of the States. It was also urged, that, if the
system of representation were to be settled on a ratio confined to the
population alone, the new States in the West would soon equal, and
probably outnumber, the Atlantic States, and thus the latter would be
in a minority for ever. For these reasons, the subject of apportioning
the representatives was recommitted to five members,[92] who
subsequently proposed a scheme, by which the first House of
Representatives should consist of fifty-six members, distributed among
the States upon an estimate of their present condition,[93] and
authorizing the legislature, as future circumstances might require,
to increase the number of representatives, and to distribute them
among the States upon a compound ratio of their wealth and the numbers
of their inhabitants.[94] The latter part of this proposition was
adopted, but a new and different apportionment, of sixty-five members
for the first meeting of the legislature, was sanctioned by a large
vote of the States, after a second reference to a committee of one
member from each State.[95]
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