[49] Hëang shan is a considerable place between Macao and Canton. I passed this town in the beginning of October 1830. Distance from Canton 150 le in an eastern direction. [50] It was, as we have before stated, the policy of Chang paou to befriend himself, when possible, with the lower sort of people. [51] Here the author himself says _Te ming_ (9955, 7714) "name of a place." To find out the names of places and persons, and distinguish the titles of the different officers employed by government, is often a very difficult task. The last character in the name of this place, _pae_, is very seldom found; it is the fourth character of the division of eight strokes, rad. 177.--See Kanghe. O is, in the Canton dialect, commonly pronounced like A, in Italian. [52] These are large vessels with windows, from 200 to 500 tons; they are called by Europeans by the Chinese name, in the Canton dialect, junks; _chuen_ is the Mandarin pronunciation. The foreign trade of Cochin-China and Tung king is almost exclusively with China, that to Siam, Singapur, and Malacca, being inconsiderable. The Cochin-Chinese government tried some years ago to open a regular trade with Calcutta; but this undertaking partly failed on account of the heavy duties on foreign sugar in the possessions of the East-India Company. Sugar is a great article of export in Cochin-China and Siam. [53] On the large map of the coast of China from Corea to Cochin-China, called _Yuen_ (12542) _hae tsuen too_, this place is called _Lao wan shan_, "the old ten thousand mountains," and is exactly opposite to the Bocca Tigris in a direct southerly direction. [54] The sails of Chinese vessels are often called Mats, for they are really nothing else than matting. [55] _Le_: this itinerary measure, as we have remarked, is different in different parts of the empire; it is generally considered that 250 le make a degree of latitude. [56] This they did probably to look more ferocious. Plutarch observes of Sylla, that "the ferocity of his aspect was heightened by his complexion, which was a strong _red_, interspersed with spots of white." [57] _Mun_ means an _entrance_ or _mouth_; few of these places are to be found, even in the particular maps of the province Kwang tung in the _Tay tsing hwy teen_. [58] _Paou_, the first character of 8233, is in our own history always used in the signification of _cannon_. The word meant in former times an engine for throwing stones, and so it is used in the history of the Han dynasty. This gave rise to the opinion that the Chinese had guns and gunpowder long before its discovery in Europe. How could these extraordinary engines have escaped the discriminating genius of Marco Polo, had they existed in China? [59] The three provinces which have Këang (5500) in their name the same as the two Kwang, Kwang to the east (tung) and Kwang to the west (se), are usually united under one governor and one deputy governor.