The king's dogmatic paper, entitled _Articles about religion set out by the Convocation, and published by the King's authority_, bears a strong resemblance to the _Exposition_ and the _Type of Faith_, published in the seventh century, during the monothelite controversy, by the emperors of Constantinople—Heraclius and Constant II. That prince, who in a political sense gave England a new impulse, sought his models as an ecclesiastical ruler, in the Lower Empire. Everybody was eager to know what doctrines the new head of the Church was going to proclaim. The partisans of Rome were doubtless quite as much surprised as the Reformers, but their astonishment was that of joy; the surprise of the evangelicals was that of fear. The vicar-general read the royal oracles aloud: 'All the words contained in the whole canon of the Bible.' he said, 'and in the three creeds—the Apostles', the Nicene, and the Athanasian—_according to the interpretation which the holy approved doctors in the Church do defend_,[394] shall be received and observed as the infallible words of God, so that whosoever rejects them is not a member of Christ but a member of the devil, and eternally damned.' [Sidenote: ARTICLES OF RELIGION.] That was the Romish doctrine, and Bossuet, in his examination of the royal document, appears much satisfied with the article.[395] 'The sacrament of baptism should be administered to infants, in order that they may receive the Holy Ghost and be purified of sin by its secret virtue and operation. If a man falls after baptism the sacrament of penance is necessary to his salvation; he must go to confession, ask absolution at the priest's hands, and look upon the words uttered by the confessor as the _voice of God_ speaking out of heaven.'[396] ——'That is the whole substance of the catholic doctrine,' the partisans of Rome might urge.[397] 'Under the form of the bread and the wine are verily, substantially, and really contained the body and very blood of the Saviour which was born of the Virgin.' ——'That indicates most precisely the real presence of the body,' say the Romish doctors.[398] 'The merits of the Saviour's passion are the only and worthy causes of our justification; but, before giving it to us, God requires of us inward contrition, perfect faith, hope, and charity, and all the other spiritual motions which must necessarily concur in the remission of our sins.' ——The council of Trent declared the same doctrine not long after.[399] 'Images ought to be preserved in the churches. Only let those who kneel before them and adore them know that such honor is not paid to the images, but to God.' ——'To use such language,' Roman-catholics have said, 'is to approve of image-worship to the extreme.'[400]