His life, written by Dorigni, was published at Paris in 1712.—_Vie du père A. Possevin_, &c. Footnote 518: Messenius, _Scondia_, vii. p. 41; xv. p. 157; iii. p. 60. Footnote 519: Geijer, _Geschichte Schwedens_, ii. p. 241. Footnote 520: Geijer, _Geschichte Schwedens_, ii. pp. 226, 272, 338. Footnote 521: Nicolai Bothniensis relation om Upsala concilio.—Geijer, ii. p. 272. BOOK XIII. HUNGARY, POLAND, BOHEMIA, THE NETHERLANDS. CHAPTER I. THE FIRST REFORMERS AND THE FIRST PERSECUTORS IN HUNGARY. (1518-1526.) Few countries had so much need of the Reformation as Hungary. When, in the year 1000, she abandoned paganism under King Stephen, she attached herself to Rome, and Rome brought on her two evils. She sent into the country large numbers of monks, priests, prelates, primates, and legates; and these men led her—this was the first evil—to a mere outward profession of Christianity, and oppressed the various tribes who peopled the land—this was the second evil. Further, the people, rather more than half a century later, assembled at Alba-Royal, rose in revolt against the clergy. The former were defeated, many were put to death, and the pope, boasting of the victory, wrote to the king, bidding him remember that henceforth the pope of Rome was his suzerain. Shortly before the Reformation, in 1512, the Hungarian passion for independence led them to revolt again. But at this time they were destitute of true Christian principles, and the only result of the movement was to cover their country with devastation, and deluge it with the blood of sixty thousand of its sons. This heroic nation was once more thrown into bondage. The light and the power of the Gospel were needed to effect its regeneration, and to infuse strength into it for resisting its two enemies, the Grand Turk and the pope. [Sidenote: The Magyars.]