These numerous apparitions had removed all his doubts; he believed, not like Luther because the things of faith were written in the Word of God, but because of the visions he had seen. "Even had there been no Bible," say his apologists, "even had these mysteries never been revealed in Scripture,[263] he would have believed them, for God had appeared to him."[264] Luther, on taking his doctor's degree, had pledged his oath to Holy Scripture,[265] and the only infallible authority of the Word of God had become the fundamental principle of the Reformation. Loyola, at this time, bound himself to dreams and visions; and chimerical apparitions became the principle of his life and of his faith. [263] Quod etsi nulla scriptura, mysteria illa fidei doceret. Acta Sanct. [264] Quæ Deo sibi aperiente cognoverant. Maff. p. 34. [265] Vol. I. p. 203. Luther's sojourn in the convent of Erfurth and that of Loyola in the convent of Manresa explain to us--the first, the Reformation; the latter, modern Popery. The monk who was to reanimate the exhausted vigour of Rome repaired to Jerusalem after quitting the cloister. We will not follow him on this pilgrimage, as we shall meet with him again in the course of this history. CHAPTER II. Victory of the Pope--Death of Leo X.--The Oratory of Divine Love--Adrian VI.--Plan of Reform--Opposition. While these events were taking place in Spain, Rome herself appeared to be assuming a more serious character. The great patron of music, hunting, and festivities disappeared from the pontifical throne, and was succeeded by a pious and grave monk. [Sidenote: DEATH OF LEO X.] Leo X. had been greatly delighted at hearing of the edict of Worms and Luther's captivity; and immediately, in testimony of his victory, he had consigned the effigy and writings of the reformer to the flames.[266] It was the second or third time that Rome had indulged in this innocent pleasure. At the same time Leo X., wishing to testify his gratitude to Charles V., united his army with the emperor's. The French were compelled to evacuate Parma, Piacenza, and Milan; and Giulio de Medici, the pope's cousin, entered the latter city. The pope was thus approaching the summit of human power. [266] Comburi jussit alteram vultus in ejus statua, alteram animi ejus in libris. Pallav. i. 128.