[14] The name of Mendoza, which occupied for so many generations a prominent place in arms, in politics, and in letters, makes its first appearance in Spanish history as far back as the beginning of the thirteenth century.--Mariana, Historia de España, tom. i. p. 676. [15] M. de Circourt in his interesting volumes, has given a minute account--much too minute for these pages--of the first developments of the insurrectionary spirit of the Moriscoes, in which he shows a very careful study of the subject.--Hist. des Arabes d'Espagne, tom. ii. pp. 268 et seq. [16] Ferreras, Hist. d'Espagne, tom. ix. p. 524.--Marmol, Rebelion de los Moriscos, tom. i. p. 142.--Vanderhammen, Don Juan de Austria, fol. 55. [17] Such was the judgment of the acute Venetian who, as one of the train of the minister Tiepolo, obtained a near view of what was passing in the court of Philip the Second.--"Levato di bassissimo stato dal re, e posto in tanta grandezza in pochi anni, per esser huomo da bene, libero et schietto, et perchè S. M. vuol tener bassi li grandi di Spagna, conoscendo l' altierissima natura loro."--Gachard, Relations des Ambassadeurs Vénitiens sur Charles-Quint et Philippe II. (Bruxelles, 1855), p. 175. [18] This remarkable ordinance may be found in the Nueva Recopilacion (ed. 1640), lib. viii. tit. 2, leyes 13-18. The most severe penalties were those directed against the heinous offence of indulging in warm baths. For a second repetition of this, the culprit was sentenced to six years' labour in the galleys and the confiscation of half his estates. [19] "De los enemigos los menos."--Circourt gives a version of the whole of the professor's letter, with his precious commentary on this text. (Hist. des Arabes d'Espagne, tom. ii. p. 278.) According to Ferreras, Philip highly relished the maxim of his ghostly counsellor.--Hist. d'Espagne, tom. ix. p. 525. [20] Cabrera, throwing the responsibility of the subsequent troubles on Espinosa and Deza, sarcastically remarks that "two cowls had the ordering of an affair which had been better left to men with helmets on their heads."--Cabrera, Filipe Segundo, lib. vii, cap. 21. [21] Marmol, Rebelion de los Moriscos, tom. i. pp. 147-151,--Circourt, Hist. des Arabes d'Espagne, tom. ii. p. 283.--Ferreras, Hist. d'Espagne, tom. ix. p. 535. Dr. Salazar de Mendoza considers that nothing but a real love of rebellion could have induced the Moriscoes to find a pretext for it in a measure so just and praiseworthy, and every way so conducive to their own salvation as this ordinance.--"Tomaron par achaque esta accion tan justificada, y meritoria del Rey, y para sus almas tan provechosa y saludable."--Monarquia de España, tom. ii. p. 137. [22] "Y al fin concluyó con decirle resolutamente, que su Majestad queria mas fe que farda, y que preciaba mas salvar una alma, que todo quanto le podian dar le renta los Moriscos nuevamente convertidos."--Marmol, Rebelion de los Moriscos, tom. i. p. 163.