Still the emperor, after this serious demonstration of hostility to his son, felt a natural disquietude in regard to his personal safety, which made him desirous of obtaining some positive guaranty before trusting him among the turbulent islanders. He wrote to his ambassador to require such security from the government. But no better could be given than the royal promise that everything should be done to insure the prince's safety. Renard was much perplexed. He felt the responsibility of his own position. He declined to pledge himself for the quiet deportment of the English; but he thought matters had already gone too far to leave it in the power of Spain to recede. [Sidenote: MARY'S BETROTHAL.] He wrote, moreover, both to Charles and to Philip, recommending that the prince should not bring over with him a larger retinue of Spaniards than was necessary, and that the wives of his nobles--for he seems to have regarded the sex as the source of evil--should not accompany them.[85] Above all, he urged Philip and his followers to lay aside the Castilian _hauteur_, and to substitute the conciliatory manners which might disarm the jealousy of the English.[86] CHAPTER IV. ENGLISH ALLIANCE. Mary's Betrothal.--Joanna Regent of Castile.--Philip embarks for England.--His splendid Reception.--Marriage of Philip and Mary.--Royal Entertainments.--Philip's Influence.--The Catholic Church restored.--Philip's Departure. 1554, 1555. In the month of March, 1554, Count Egmont arrived in England, on a second embassy, for the purpose of exchanging the ratifications of the marriage treaty. He came in the same state as before, and was received by the queen in the presence of her council. The ceremony was conducted with great solemnity. Mary, kneeling down, called God to witness, that, in contracting this marriage, she had been influenced by no motive of a carnal or worldly nature, but by the desire of securing the welfare and tranquillity of the kingdom. To her kingdom her faith had first been plighted; and she hoped that Heaven would give her strength to maintain inviolate the oath she had taken at her coronation. This she said with so much grace, that the bystanders, says Renard,--who was one of them,--were all moved to tears. The ratifications were then exchanged, and the oaths taken, in presence of the host, by the representatives of Spain and England; when Mary, again kneeling, called on those present to unite with her in prayer to the Almighty, that he would enable her faithfully to keep the articles of the treaty, and would make her marriage a happy one.