The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. ARTICLE VII. The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same. _Done in Convention by the unanimous consent of the States present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names._ GEORGE WASHINGTON, _President, and Deputy from Virginia_. NEW HAMPSHIRE.--John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman. MASSACHUSETTS.--Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King. CONNECTICUT.--William Samuel Johnson, Roger Sherman. NEW YORK.--Alexander Hamilton. NEW JERSEY.--William Livingston, David Bearly, William Patterson, Jonathan Dayton. PENNSYLVANIA.--Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Mifflin, Robert Morris, George Clymer, Thomas Fitzsimons, Jared Ingersoll, James Wilson, Gouverneur Morris. DELAWARE.--George Read, Gunning Bedford, Jr., John Dickinson, Richard Bassett, Jacob Broom. MARYLAND.--James McHenry, Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, Daniel Carroll. VIRGINIA.--John Blair, James Madison, Jr. NORTH CAROLINA.--William Blount, Richard Dobbs Spaight, Hugh Williamson. SOUTH CAROLINA.--John Rutledge, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Charles Pinckney, Pierce Butler. GEORGIA.--William Few, Abraham Baldwin. _Attest_: WILLIAM JACKSON, _Secretary_. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. ARTICLE II. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. ARTICLE III. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. ARTICLE IV. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the person or things to be seized. ARTICLE V.