History of the United States of America, Volume 5 (of 9) : $b During the first administration of James MadisonAdams, Henry
History
History of the United States of America, Volume 5 (of 9) : $b During the first administration of James Madison
Adams, Henry
United States -- History -- 1801-1809; United States -- History -- 1809-1817
In the heat of this controversy Adams was obliged to ask, as a favor to
the United States, that special orders might be given on behalf of the
American vessels at Archangel. As before, Roumanzoff refused; and once
more the Czar directed that the special orders should be given.[325]
This repeated success of the American minister in overriding the
established rules of the government, backed by the whole personal
influence of Napoleon, made Roumanzoff uneasy. Friendly and even
confidential with Adams, he did not disguise his anxiety; and while
he warned the American minister that Cadore’s letter of August 5 had
made no real change in Napoleon’s methods or objects, he added that
the Americans had only one support, and this was the Czar himself,
but that as yet the Czar’s friendship was unshaken. “Our attachment
to the United States is obstinate,--more obstinate than you are aware
of.”[326]
Adams then saw the full bearing of the struggle in which he was
engaged; his sources of information were extended, his social relations
were more intimate, and he watched with keen interest the effect of
his remonstrances and efforts. He had every reason to be anxious, for
Napoleon used diplomatic weapons as energetically as he used his army
corps. Only ten days after Roumanzoff made his significant remark about
the Czar’s obstinacy, Napoleon sent orders to Prussia, under threat of
military occupation, to stop all British and colonial merchandise; and
the following week, October 23, he wrote with his own hand to the Czar
a letter of the gravest import:[327]--
“Six hundred English merchant-vessels which were wandering in
the Baltic have been refused admission into Mecklenburg and
Prussia, and have turned toward your Majesty’s States.... All
this merchandise is on English account. It depends on your
Majesty to obtain peace [with England] or to continue the war.
Peace is and must be your desire. Your Majesty is certain to
obtain it by confiscating these six hundred ships or their
cargoes. Whatever papers they may have, under whatever names
they may be masked,--French, German, Spanish, Danish, Russian,
Swedish,--your Majesty may be sure that they are English.”
If Napoleon aimed at crippling Russia by forcing her into the
alternative of bankruptcy for want of commerce or invasion as the
penalty of trade, he followed a clear and skilful plan. Roumanzoff
answered his appeal by pleading that Russia could not seize neutral
property, and would not harm England even by doing so. November 4, two
days after President Madison proclaimed the revocation of the French
Decrees, Napoleon dictated his reply to Roumanzoff’s argument:[328]--
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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