Of all the caprices of politics, this was the most improbable,--that at the moment when the Czar of Russia and the King of Sweden were about to risk their thrones and to face the certain death and ruin of vast numbers of their people in order to protect American ships from the Berlin and Milan Decrees, the new minister of the United States appeared in Paris authorized to declare that the President considered those decrees to be revoked and their system no longer in force! END OF VOL. V. FOOTNOTES: [1] Diary of J. Q. Adams, March 4, 1809; i. 544. [2] Diary of J. Q. Adams, i. 544. [3] W. C. Nicholas to ----. Nicholas MSS. [4] Robert Smith’s Address to the People, June 7, 1811. [5] First Administration of Jefferson, vol. i. p. 188. [6] Gallatin to Jefferson, Nov. 8, 1809; Adams’s Gallatin, p. 408. [7] Madison to Henry Lee, February, 1827; Works, iii. 562, 564. [8] National Intelligencer, July, 1811. [9] Gallatin to Samuel Smith, June 26, 1809; Adams’s Gallatin, p. 402. [10] Henry to Craig, March 13, 1809; State Papers, iii. 550. [11] State Papers, Commerce and Navigation, pp. 897, 898. [12] Gallatin’s Report, April 17, 1810; State Papers, Finance, ii. 427. [13] Gallatin’s Report, April 17, 1810; State Papers, Finance, ii. 435. [14] Gallatin’s Report, April 17, 1810; State Papers, Finance, ii. 436. [15] Gallatin’s Report, April 17, 1810; State Papers, Finance, ii. 428. [16] Gallatin’s Report, April 17, 1810; State Papers, Finance, ii. 439. [17] History of First Administration of Jefferson, i. 224. [18] Correspondance de Napoléon, xxxii. 265, 272, 359–370. [19] Correspondance de Napoléon, xxxii. 366. [20] Napoleon to Jerome, 16 Janvier, 1809; Correspondance, xviii. 237. [21] Correspondance, xviii. 225. [22] Correspondance, xviii. 227. [23] Armstrong to Madison, Oct. 25, 1808; MSS. State Department Archives. [24] Armstrong to Madison, Nov. 24, 1808; MSS. State Department Archives. [25] Gallatin’s Writings, ii. 490. [26] Armstrong to Madison, Jan. 2, 1809; MSS. State Department Archives. [27] Champagny to Turreau, Dec. 10, 1808; Archives des Aff. Étr. MSS. [28] Turreau to Champagny, 19 March, 1809; Archives des Aff. Étr., MSS. [29] Erskine to Canning, March 17, 1809; MSS. British Archives. [30] Turreau to Champagny, 15 April, 1809; Archives des Aff. Étr. MSS. [31] Turreau to Champagny, 20 April, 1809; Archives des Aff. Étr. MSS. [32] Turreau to Champagny, 22 April, 1809; Archives des Aff. Étr., MSS. [33] Turreau to Champagny, 1 June, 1809; Archives des Aff. Étr., MSS. Cf. Madison to Jefferson, May 1, 1809; Writings, ii. 440. [34] Act of Geo. III. 1808; Cap. xxvi. American State Papers, iii. 274. [35] Pinkney to Madison, Dec. 25, 1808; Wheaton’s Pinkney. [36] Pinkney to Canning, Dec. 28, 1808; State Papers, iii. 240. [37] Canning to Perceval, Dec. 31, 1808; Perceval MSS. [38] Tooke’s History of Prices, i. 274–279.