New York city in 1800, i. 24; expenses and sanitary condition, 25; business, 25 _et seq._; blockaded by British frigates, iii. 91, 203; debate in Congress on the propriety of fortifying, 351, 355; described by F. J. Jackson, v. 213; population in 1810, 289; affected by the blockade, vii. 264; depreciation of currency, ix. 62; increase of exports, 126; increase of population, 155, 156; immigrants to, 161; exports and imports of, 166, 167; steamboats in 1816, 171, 173. New York State in 1800, i. 3, 6, 23, 108–114; politics in 1802, 331, 332; politics in 1804, ii. 170–190; election of 1809, v. 13; insurrection in, on account of the embargo, iv. 259; position of, in census of 1810, v. 289; banking mania in, vi. 208; election in May, 1812, 209; nominates De Witt Clinton to the Presidency, 215; recruiting in, 305; politics of, in 1813, vii. 48, 49; suffrage in, 50; jealousy of Virginia, 402, 403; elections in April, 1813 and 1814, viii. 11, 12; banks suspend payment, 214; soldiers furnished by, 235; arrears of internal taxes in, 256; creates a State army, 282; elections in April, 1815, ix. 93; election in April, 1816, 132, 133; growth of population, 1800–1816, 154, 167; growth of wealth in, 166, 167; begins the Erie Canal, 167–170. “Niagara,” 20-gun brig on Lake Erie, commanded by Jesse D. Elliott, vii. 120; her armament, 121, 122; taken command of by Perry, 123, 124; ill-fought by Elliott, 125. Niagara, Fort (see Fort Niagara). Niagara frontier, military importance of, vi. 304, 310; force at, 311, 320, 341, 344; force raised to six thousand men, 345; Van Rensselaer’s campaign at, 346–353; Alexander Smyth’s campaign at, 353–358; sickness of troops at, 359; Brown’s campaign at the, viii. 24–90; British force at the, in June, 1814, 38, 39; victories fail to stimulate enlistments, 217, 218; cession required as a condition of peace, ix. 7. Nicholas, Wilson Cary, i. 221; senator from Virginia, dissuades the President from raising Constitutional question, ii. 87, 88, 94; on the Louisiana treaty, 111; retires from the Senate, 221; helps to set Monroe aside, iii. 152; on Randolph’s philippic, 173; writes to Jefferson doubting the possibility of longer embargo, iv. 345, 346; file-leader of the House, 428; urges Giles to withdraw opposition to Gallatin, 429, 430; his resolution to repeal the embargo, 435, 438; on the appointment of Gallatin as Secretary of State, v. 4, 5, 6; resigns from Congress, 76; his letter to Jonathan Mason in 1814, viii. 306, 308. Nicholl, Sir John, King’s advocate, iii. 417; iv. 96.