State armies, created by Massachusetts, viii. 221, 225, 272, 282; one of the causes that led to the Constitution of 1789, 282; created by New York, 282; by Pennsylvania and Maryland, 282; by Virginia, South Carolina, and Kentucky, 283; demanded by Hartford Convention, 284, 297; Joseph Hopkinson’s remarks on, 286; of Massachusetts, suspended for want of money, 303. State Department (see James Madison, Robert Smith, James Monroe). States rights, asserted by Virginia, i. 138–140; by Kentucky, 140–143; by Georgia, 304; ii. 215; affected by Jefferson’s acts, i. 203, 205, 254, 255, 260, 263, 298; ii. 78, 85, 90, 114, 118, 125, 130, 203, 205, 210; Gallatin’s attitude toward, i. 116; ii. 79, 80; Bayard on, i. 292; Randolph on, ii. 97, 98, 104, 120, 209, 211; Nicholson on, 102, 209; Rodney on, 103, 119; Pickering on, 105; John Taylor of Caroline on, 105–107; Breckenridge on, 109, 121; W. C. Nicholas on, 111–113; Chief-Justice Taney on, 127; Justice Campbell on, 127–129; affected by Jefferson’s acts, iii. 3, 18, 19, 346; iv. 363, 364, 454; affected by Acts of Congress, iii. 142, 355, 361, 364, 366; affected by the system of embargo, iv. 251–271, 273, 408–419, 456–459; mentioned in Madison’s Inaugural Address, v. 4; affected by the use of militia in war, vi. 159, 160; affected by the war, vii. 67; asserted in Massachusetts in February, 1814, viii. 5–8; asserted by New England in September, 1814, 220–228; championed by Randolph in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 110, 111; affected by decisions of Supreme Court, 188–192; affected by consistent action of government, 193. “Statira,” British frigate, viii. 316. _Status ante bellum_, the best terms of peace obtainable, ix. 9; not offered by Madison, 12; not offered by England at Ghent, in August, 1814, 21; opposed to _uti possidetis_, 33, 34; offered by American commissioners, 37, 49. Steam-battery, appropriation for, vii. 385. Steamboat, Fulton’s, i. 69, 71, 182; iii. 20, 216; iv. 135; experiments of Evans and Stevens, iii. 217; use of, in 1816, ix. 167, 168, 170–172; relative character of invention, 236. Steam-engines in America in 1800, i. 66, 68, 70. Stephen, James, author of “War in Disguise,” iii. 50–53; reprints Randolph’s speech, 396; assists in framing Spencer Perceval’s Orders in Council, iv. 57, 100, 102; his opinion of Brougham’s speech on the orders, 323; his speech of March 6, 1809, v. 60, 65; his remarks on Erskine’s arrangement, 98; on the orders, vi. 276; yields to a parliamentary inquiry, 284. Stevens, Edward, consul-general at St. Domingo, i. 385 _et seq._, 389.