America before Columbus, Introduction, I. age and origin of man in, 21; brute inhabitants of, 30; plants, fruits, and trees in, 31; alleged discoveries of, before Columbus, 37; Basques, Bretons, and Normans in, 37; discovered by Columbus, 55; illusions of Columbus concerning. 57; origin of name, 58, 61. America, Spain gets most of, I. confusion of ideas concerning, I. earliest legislative body in, I. the first Swedish colony in, I. origin of political institutions in. I. the French in, I. the English in, I. treaty of France with, II. receives help from France, II. peace negotiations and treaty between England and, II. See United States. American Civic Association, VI. American Protective Association, V. Rail way Union strike, V. Americanism, III. Americans, primordial, unlike Asiatics, I. differences between their branches, I. varieties of, I. Amerigo Vespucci, his voyages and discoveries, I. Ames, Fisher, his words on Washington. II. urges ratification of Jay's treaty, II. Ames, Oakes, and the Credit Mobilier, IV. Amherst. General. I. Amistad case, the, III. Anarchists, V. Anderson, Major Robert, at Fort Moultrie and Fort Sumter, III. in charge of Department of the Cumberland, III. Andre, Major, II. Andros, Sir Edmund, governor, I. leaves New England, I; in New York, I. Anglo-American Arbitration Treaty, V. Annapolis convention, the, II. Annapolis founded, I. Anne, Queen, War of, I. Antietam, battle of, IV. Appomattox, Lee's surrender at, IV. Arbitration, International Court of, organized 1901, VI. chief features of, VI. advantages of, VI. convened for first time, VI. Pious Fund case, VI. Venezuela case, VI. permanent headquarters of, VI. Arbuthnot, III. Arctic exploration, VI. Argall, Captain, the voyages of, I. Argentina, S. A., progress of, VI. Atlantic fleet at, VI. Arizona, VI. constitution of, VI. population and products of, VI. Arkansas and secession, III. Arlington, Lord, I. Armed neutrality, the, II. Army, the, discontent in, at close of the Revolution, II. in war with Spain, V. II. in Philippines, II. reorganization and reform in, VI. in China, VI. Arnold, Benedict, attacks Quebec, II. the hero of the battle of Bemis Heights, II. turns traitor, II. Art in United States, IV. Arthur, Chester A., IV. Ashburton, Lord, III. Asser, M., VI. Assistance, writs of, II. "Associated Youths," the, II. Atlanta Exposition, V. Atlanta, taking of the city of, IV. Atlanta, the iron-clad, IV. Atlantic fleet, cruise of, VI. Atwood, H. K., VI. Auckland, Atlantic fleet at, VI. Australian ballot, V., VI. Automobiles, VI. Ayllon, Vasquez de, cruise of, I. B Bacon's Rebellion, I. Bailey, The Alonzo, case, VI. Bainbridge, Captain, II. Baker, Colonel, killed, III. Balboa, Vasco Nunez de, discovers the Pacific, I. Ball's Bluff, fight at, III. Ballinger, Richard A., Secretary of the Interior, VI.