North Carolina, and secession, III. attitude of, at close of the war, IV. North Dakota made a State, IV. Northern securities case, VI. Northmen, the, in America, I. 39. Northwest, the settlements in the, II. Nova Scotia, assigned to France, I. Nullification ordinance, the, in South Carolina, III. O Oglethorpe, Governor, of Georgia, I. Ohio Company, the, I. 349, 353. II. Ohio River, discovery of, I. Ohio, State of, population in 1830, III. Oil industry, the, III. Oklahoma, opened for settlement, V. purchase and settlement of, VI. admitted to Union, VI. Oldham, John, murdered, I. Olney, Richard, as Secretary of State, V. Olympia, United States Flagship, entered Manila, V. "Omnibus Bill," the, III. Ordinance of 1787, the, II. and slavery, III. Oregon question, the, III. settlements in, III. Oregon, United States warship, V. Oriskany, battle of, II. Ostend manifesto, the, III. Otis, James, Jr., II. P Pacific, the, discovered by Balboa, I. Pacific coast, growth and settlement of, III. filling up, IV. great railways to the, IV. Paine, Thomas, his "Common Sense," II. Pakenham, General, at New Orleans, II. Palisade, the old, I. Palma, Tomaso Estrada y, first president Cuban Republic, V., VI. Panama, canal commission of nine, VI. revolution, VI. United States treaty with, VI. Pan-American Congress, in Washington, VI. in Mexico, VI. in Rio Janeiro, VI. Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, V. Pan-American Republics, Bureau of, founded, VI. Panic, of 1837, III. of 1873. IV. of 1907, VI. Paris, Peace of, II. Parker, Alton B., nominated for President, VI. Parliament, attitude of, toward colonial affairs, II. its vain concession to America, II. Washington's reply to, II. resolves to discontinue the war, II. Party strife, III. Patent leather in United States, III. Patterson, General, in Southern Pennsylvania, III. Paulding, Commodore, III. Paulhan, Louis, VI. Payne, Sereno E., Chairman, Ways and Means Committee, VI. Payne-Aldrich Tariff Bill, VI. Peabody, George, IV. Peace negotiations between England and United States, II. Peary, Commander Robert E., Arctic expedition of, VI. Peking, China, United States troops in, VI. Pemberton, General, at Vicksburg, IV. surrenders, IV. Penal legislation, in colonial America, I. in the fourth decade, III. Pendleton bill, the, IV. Penn, William, receives proprietorship of Pennsylvania, I. his character, I. his trials, I. his rule in Delaware, I. Pennsylvania, under proprietorship of William Penn, I. its liberal charter, I. free from Andros's jurisdiction, I. its prosperity, I. under Fletcher's governorship, I. Gabriel Thomas's history of, I. population of, in 1700 and later, I. commerce in, I. hospital, I. ratifies the Constitution, II. Pensions, V. of teachers, VI. Pequot war, the, I. Indians nearly exterminated, I. Perestrello, I.