LAST 1820 1831 1841 1851 1861 PERMANENT TO TO TO TO TO RESIDENCE 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 ----------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------- Austria-Hungary 7,800 Belgium 27 22 5,074 4,738 6,734 Denmark 169 1,063 539 3,749 17,094 France 8,497 45,575 77,262 76,358 35,984 Germany 6,761 152,454 434,626 951,667 787,468 Greece Italy 408 2,253 1,870 9,231 11,728 Netherlands 1,078 1,412 8,251 10,789 9,102 Norway, Sweden 91 1,201 13,903 20,931 109,298 Russia 91 646 656 1,621 4,536 Spain, Portugal 2,622 2,954 2,759 10,353 8,493 Switzerland 3,226 4,821 4,644 25,011 23,286 England 22,167 73,143 263,332 385,643 568,128 Scotland 2,912 2,667 3,712 38,331 38,768 Ireland 50,724 207,381 780,719 914,119 435,778 Europe; unspecified 43 96 155 116 210 ----------------- ------ ------ ------ ------- ------ Total 98,816 495,688 1,597,502 2,452,657 2,064,407 1871 1881 1891 1901 TO TO TO TO TOTAL 1880 1890 1900 1910 ----------------- ------ ------ ------ ------- ------ Austria-Hungary 72,969 353,717 597,047 2,145,266 3,176,801 Belgium 7,221 20,177 20,062 41,635 105,690 Denmark 31,771 88,132 52,670 65,285 260,472 France 72,206 50,464 36,006 73,379 475,731 Germany 718,182 1,452,970 543,922 341,498 5,389,548 Greece 15,996 167,519 183,515 Italy 55,759 307,309 655,694 2,045,877 3,090,129 Netherlands 16,541 53,701 31,816 48,262 180,952 Norway 211,245 568,362 95,264 190,505 1,691,013 Sweden 230,679 249,534 Russia 52,254 265,088 593,703 1,597,306 2,515,901 Spain 9,893 6,535 6,723 27,935 170,426 Portugal 23,010 69,149