ARTICLE 1, SEC. 9.--No bill of attainder, or _ex post facto_ law shall be passed; no title of nobility shall be granted by the United States. SEC. 10.--No State shall pass any bill of attainder, _ex post facto_ law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. Notwithstanding these provisions of the constitution, bills of attainder have been passed by the introduction of the word "male" into all the State constitutions denying to woman the right of suffrage, and thereby making sex a crime. A citizen disfranchised in a republic is a citizen attainted. When we place in the hands of one class of citizens the right to make, interpret and execute the law for another class wholly unrepresented in the government, we have made an order of nobility. ARTICLE 4, SEC. 2.--The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. The elective franchise is one of the privileges secured by this section approved in Dunham _vs._ Lamphere (3 Gray Mass. Rep., 276), and Bennett _vs._ Boggs (Baldwin's Rep., p. 72, Circuit Court U. S.). ARTICLE 4, SEC. 4.--The United States shall guarantee to every State in the Union a republican form of government. How can that form of government be called republican in which one-half the people are forever deprived of all participation in its affairs? ARTICLE 6.--This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, ... shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. ARTICLE 14, SEC. 1.--All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States.... No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States.