“Why has England been so watched over and so preserved? Has any other country such a history? The histories of many other countries are made up of wars and rumours of wars in defence of their homes from foreign invaders――England, save civil wars, chiefly in the struggle for civil and religious liberty. Why should so small a speck on the earth’s surface as England be able to control an enormous and populous-scattered Empire on which the sun never sets? Why should England be the terror of the oppressor and the asylum of the oppressed? It is by the spirit of God, by the great zeal and industry to be profitable and useful to the world, by readiness to take any pains, and give any assistance to the furthering of justice. Therefore England gave special protection to the Jews.” From this we gather that public opinion regarded the protection of the Jews in the East by England as an accomplished fact, though not officially proclaimed. CHAPTER XXVI. PROTECTION AND RESTORATION The _Don_ Pacifico case――Admiral Sir William Parker――Lord Stanley――Mr. J. A. Roebuck――Lord Palmerston’s policy attacked ――Peel and the Opposition――Plans for colonization of Palestine ――Mordecai Manuel Noah――Warder Cresson――Rev. A. G. H. Hollingsworth――Colonel George Gawler――“The Final Exodus”――Dr. Thomas Clarke. A SERIOUS conflict broke out between England and Greece, and consequently in England itself, in 1850. The cause was Lord Palmerston’s quarrel with the Greek Government, which had failed to protect _Don_ David Pacifico (1784‒1854), a Gibraltar Jew and a British subject, from the violence of the Athenian mob. The British fleet, under Admiral Sir William Parker (1817‒1866), was ordered to the Piræus and seized a number of Greek ships to enforce compensation. A vote of censure upon this high-handed proceeding was moved and carried by Lord Stanley¹ (1775‒1851) in the House of Lords. The majority against the Government was thirty-seven. In the House of Commons Mr. J. A. Roebuck (1801‒1879) moved a counter-resolution, expressing confidence in the Government, and Lord Palmerston defended himself in a speech five hours long. He uttered upon that occasion the celebrated phrase “Civis Romanus sum,” and declared that, wherever a British subject might be, the watching eye and the strong arm of England would protect him. ¹ Edward (Smith-Stanley), Baron Stanley of Brokestaffe (1832‒1851), thirteenth Earl of Derby, K.G. (1834‒1851).